No abstract

Nursing students begin to complete practcum experiences during their frst year, increasing the number of applied credits as they progress toward degree completon. This contributes to integratng knowledge and skills from all of their courses and to obtaining the basic competencies of the nursing profession. It is also essental to identfy the student's sources of stress in order to provide strategies to confront them and diminish the potental consequences. Therefore, it is a priority to ascertain the percepton of stress and the stressors. This study applied both quanttatve and quality methods to achieve its objectves: to analyze the percepton of stress and the stress-generatng factors faced by third-and fourth-year nursing students during the mental health practcum, and to determine satsfacton with the new mental health practcum in a student survey and in a focus group of mentor nurses. Study results identfed four major stress factors before students began the practcum: the difculty of providing nursing care for the patent with a mental disorder, knowing how to react in an unfamiliar situaton, lack of knowledge about mental health services, and the possibility of patent aggression. Only the later remained as a stressor afer the practcum was completed. Student satsfacton with the mental health practcum was highly positve. Mentor nurses were partcularly satsfed with the changes in student follow-up and evaluaton, emphasizing the importance of refectve practce and students' self-management of their learning experience as set out by the European Higher Educaton Area.

Malnutrition-as a fundamental aspect both in genesis as in healing of pressure ulcers-is the object of this update paper. Countless studies point out that malnutrition, immune function alterations, hypoalbuminemia, low hemoglobin levels, as well as low diet intake, as responsible for an increase in the risk of developing these lesions. Therefore, it is essential to include the assessment of the nutrition status-monitoring of the calorie-protein intake and the difficulties to use the nutrients-in the prevention and treatment protocols of this type of chronic wound. RESUMO Resumo: A desnutrição-como aspecto fundamental tanto na gênese como na cicatrização das úlceras por pressão-é objeto deste artigo de atualização. Inúmeros estudos salientam a desnutrição, alterações da função imune, hipoalbuminemia, níveis baixos de hemoglobina bem como a baixa aceitação dietética como responsáveis por aumentar o risco para o desenvolvimento dessas lesões. É, portanto, fundamental incluir a avaliação do estado nutricional-monitorização da ingestão calórico-protéica e das dificuldades para o aproveitamento dos nutrientes-nos protocolos de prevenção e tratamento desse tipo de ferida crônica. Descritores: Desnutrição; Úlcera de pressão; Fatores de risco; Avaliação nutricional RESUMEN La desnutrición-como aspecto fundamental en la génesis y cicatrización de las úlceras por presión (UP)-es el tema de esta atualización. Muchos estudios destacan la desnutrición, los cambios del funcionamiento imunológico, la hipoalbuminemia, los bajos niveles de hemoglobina así como la baja aceptación alimentaria como los responsables del aumento del riesgo para el desarrollo de las UP. En conclusión, es fundamental incluir la evaluación del estado nutricional en los protocolos de prevención y tratamiento de las UP. Esa evaluación debe incluir medidas objetivas, seguimiento de la ingestión calórica y protéica y además de las dificultades para el aprovechamiento de los nutrientes.

No abstract