Fish is an extremely perishable food product which requires proper handling soon after harvest. The present study was aimed at assessing post-harvest fish losses and preservation practices in Siavonga district, Southern Zambia. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data on post-harvest fish losses and preservation practices from aquaculture producers, artisanal, and commercial fishers. All the fishers who landed on the lakeshore were interviewed, while aquaculture producers were randomly selected based on the information provided by the local department of fisheries. The results of the study revealed that all the fishers experienced post-harvest fish losses at varying degrees with those losing up to 10% of the total catch being in the majority. In contrast, aquaculture producers did not report any post-harvest fish losses. Most aquaculture producers commonly used chilling as preservation practice contrary to artisanal and commercial fishers who commonly used smoking and sun sun-drying respectively. Furthermore, fish product safety and quality control were poorly practiced in the district. Lack of cold storage facilities and fluctuating weather conditions were the major challenges impacting fish post-harvest activities. Therefore, to curb the loss of revenue due to post-harvest fish losses, we propose the introduction of new technology, self-development skills for fishing communities, and enhanced access to refrigeration facilities.

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Recently, sustainable forest management has been the top priority for many international forest conservation organizations, governing authorities, and interest groups. Forest conversion to farmland for fuel wood removal, charcoal production, and woodland grazing is the principal mechanism of forest degradation, habitat change, and loss of biodiversity. Despite the increasing acknowledgment of conservation values of savanna, our understanding of the factors affecting species diversity and composition for the African savanna remains limited. This chapter provides a systematic review of the factors affecting species diversity and composition in an African savanna. However, in order to reduce this inadequacy, a careful examination of the existing literature was conducted. After a thorough review, it was revealed that species diversity and composition in savanna are significantly shaped by grazing, fire, and resource availability, that is, rainfall and soil nutrients, as well as anthropogenic activities. Understanding the diversity and composition of tree species is vital since they provide resources and habitats for several other species. Botanical assessments, such as floristic composition, species diversity, and structural analysis studies, are significant for providing accurate information on species richness, which is valuable for sustainable forest management and helps to understand forest ecology and ecosystem functions.

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