Because of a large number of Chinese women and the widespread concern about women's living conditions, this study aimed to examine how subjective well‐being mediates the association between marital relationship and women's quality of life in Chinese context. The data used in this study were collected by conducting a multi‐stage cluster random sampling method of 756 women in Huai'an city of Mainland China. Data included women's basic demographics, women's quality of life and marital quality, and women's subjective well‐being. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the data. The results of structural equation modeling analysis suggested a good fit for the sample. Overall findings showed that marital relationship has a significantly direct effect on women's quality of life, and subjective well‐being can partially mediate the impact of marital relationship on women's quality of life. The implications on theory and social policy were also discussed.