Gray mold disease, which is caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers ex. Fr., results in serious economic losses to Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) crop productivity. In this study, we explored the possibility that mixtures of essential oils (EOs) and their respective hydrolates (HYSs) could be used to control this disease. Thus, EOs and HYSs were obtained from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Citrus limon, and Citrus sinensis by hydrodistillation. In vitro antifungal activities were evaluated, and EC50 values of 15.9 and 19.8 µg/mL were obtained for EOs of thyme and oregano, respectively. These activities are due mainly to volatile compounds, thymol and carvacrol. Results from in vivo assays show that although most tomatoes were infested five days after inoculation, the damage was considerably reduced by the application of an EO/HYS mixture of thyme. The disease incidence indexes of B. cinerea tomato rot, percentage and severity, measured four days after inoculation, were reduced by 70% and 76%, respectively, as compared with the inoculum control. These results suggest that a combination of HYSs and EOs enhances antifungal activity, and that optimization of relative concentrations, volumes, and the nature of the compounds, could design a formulation able to control B. cinerea inoculum on tomato fruits.
RESUMO -Os ácidos graxos possuem diversas aplicações industriais e servem de substratos para inúmeros produtos, principalmente dentro da indústria alimentícia, onde um alto grau de pureza se faz necessário e é dificilmente alcançado quando sua produção envolve catalisadores químicos. Além disso, a reação de hidrólise geralmente necessita de altas temperaturas e pressões para ocorrer, o que pode ser contornado com o uso de enzimas (lipases) como catalisador, as quais utilizam condições reacionais mais brandas. Dentro deste contexto, este projeto teve como principal objetivo avaliar o processo de hidrólise enzimática do óleo de soja em um reator de leito fixo tubular usando como catalisador a enzima Lipozyme TL IM e avaliar os efeitos da razão mássica água/substrato e da temperatura no rendimento da reação por meio de um planejamento experimental. As reações de hidrólise foram realizadas a temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30°C, em concentrações de 4, 8 e 12% de água em relação à massa total e tempo de residência de uma hora. Nas melhores condições, foi produzido um óleo com acidez final de 24,46%.
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