Résumé À partir de quelques cas de divorce, notre recherche se penche sur les rapports entre les acteurs sociaux et le pouvoir ecclésiastique. Elle essaie de saisir la manière de mettre en scène un procès et le rôle de chaque acteur dans la manipulation de la loi et de la procédure. Le terrain de l’analyse est la Valachie entre 1750 et 1830, dont les archives judiciaires ont gardé trace des attitudes et des affects des hommes et des femmes face aux conflits matrimoniaux. Ceux-ci conçoivent différemment l’idée de mésentente conjugale : les femmes l’associent à l’économie du ménage tandis que les hommes prêtent plus d’attention à l’honneur. Le voisinage participe également à l’interprétation et à la médiation d’un conflit tant au sein de la communauté qu’au tribunal où les voisins agissent à titre de témoins. Ces témoignages se révèlent utiles pour distinguer les versions parfois contradictoires livrées par les justiciables et leurs familles. Les clercs-juges travaillent avec toutes ces informations tout en poursuivant leur propres objectifs : maintenir la Sainte Famille et l’ordre au sein de la communauté. Cependant, ces efforts arrivent à des résultats imprévisibles parce que la nature humaine se montre parfois difficile à soumettre.
The history of the Romanian principalities in the 18th and early 19th centuries is fascinating in respect to the relationship between consumption, luxury, and the circulation of ideas. Under Ottoman rule, the regime in the Romanian principalities restricted travel to the rest of Europe. The establishment of the Phanariot regime, with rulers directly appointed by the sultan and selected from among the Greek elite of Phanar, noticeably limited access to Vienna, Paris, Geneva and even St. Petersburg for a certain part of the population. After 1711/1716, the boyars avoided travelling to that part of Europe for fear that they would be seen as traitors and that they and their families would incur the sultan's wrath.Whereas in 1719 a boyar could still hope that his sons might gain an education by attending the schools of Vienna and, above all, by learning the foreign languages that were part of assimilating a culture of governance, by the mid-18th century, fear of Ottoman reprisals ruled out foreign travel.1 When prince Constantin Mavrocordatos (1735-1741) sent fourteen young boyars to be educated in Venice, he was forced to recall them at the end of their third year. News of this "educative escapade" had reached the sultan's ears, albeit in a somewhat truncated form: it was said that the prince had made use of the young men in order to send his fortune to Venice. It was an act that was to result in his deposition.2 After this experience, the boyars ceased to venture any farther than Brașov or Sibiu, but even then, only to sit out the period of military occupation in exile.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.