RESUMENAntecedentes: La placenta como otros órganos, normalmente presenta apoptosis, proceso fundamental para el mantenimiento y renovación de las estructuras. Para que este complejo proceso se realice con éxito, es necesario la estricta sincronización y modulación de las diferentes etapas de la apoptosis. Cuando la regulación falla, síndromes patológicos como la preeclampsia pueden iniciarse. Objetivo: Revisar los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la apoptosis de la placenta y sus anomalías. Método: Se realizaron búsquedas de los artículos sobre apoptosis placentaria y preeclampsia, en bases de datos Medline y otras fuentes científicas. Resultados: Muchos de los artículos confirman que la apoptosis placentaria anormal en diferentes períodos de la gestación está involucrada en la patogénesis de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: Las anomalías de la apoptosis placentaria están relacionadas con el desarrollo posterior de preeclampsia. PALABRAS CLAVE: Placenta, apoptosis, preeclampsia SUMMARYBackground: Placenta like other organs, normally presents apoptosis as a fundamental process for the maintenance and renovation of structures. For this complex process to occur successfully, strict synchronization and modulation of the different stages of apoptosis are needed. When regulation of these mechanisms fails, pathologic syndromes as preeclampsia can take course. Objective: To review the molecular mechanisms involved in placental apoptosis and its anomalies. Methods: Articles about placental apoptosis and preeclampsia were searched in Medline Database and other scientific sources. Results: Many articles report and confirm that abnormal placental apoptosis at different gestational periods is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Conclusions: Anomalies in placental apoptosis are related to the posterior development of preeclampsia.
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