The study of endocrine emergencies in childhood is important due to their high mortality and residual morbidity, that can be reduced with an adequate diagnosis and/or therapy. In this article, we review hypoglycemia, adrenal crisis, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia and thyroid storm in children, with focus on initial diagnostic approach and management (Rev Méd Chile 2005; 133: 1371-80 A pesar de su baja incidencia en el ámbito pediátrico, las emergencias derivadas de patologías del sistema endocrino revisten especial importancia, dado que los síntomas suelen ser poco específicos y el retraso en el diagnóstico y el inicio de la terapéutica adecuada significa un aumento en la morbimortalidad 1 . Revisiones sistemáticas y actualizadas de las emergencias endocrinas en la edad pediátrica son escasas, lo que dificulta el estudio de pediatras y médicos generales que se enfrentan a estos problemas.En el presente artículo se discutirán la aproximación diagnóstica y manejo inicial de las siguientes entidades: hipoglicemia, crisis suprarrenal, hipocalcemia, hipercalcemia y tormenta tiroidea.Hipoglicemia. La hipoglicemia es uno de los trastornos metabólicos más frecuentes en pediatría. Su diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz son esenciales para le prevención de secuelas neurológicas 2 .La sintomatología está dada tanto por los efectos directos de la disminución de aporte energético al sistema nervioso central, como por la respuesta adrenérgica. Los síntomas son inespecíficos. En el período neonatal, son letargia, apatía, flacidez, apnea, llanto débil, temblor, irritabilidad, convulsiones, coma. En el niño mayor, la glucopenia cerebral se manifiesta como cefalea,
Cognitive factors related to personal and family beliefs and attitudes towards mental health disorders and medication, biological and psychological factors related to the developmental stage like emotional regulation, self-esteem, self-effi cacy and adolescent-parent relationship are very important factors associated to medication adherence in adolescents. The therapeutic relationship might help to improve adherence by shaping these factors, building trust, cooperation, patient and family commitment to behavior change and giving information.
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