Reflectivity-impulsivity in response to task uncertainty has been suggested as an important cognitive style. The present study investigated response time (a measure of reflectivity-impulsivity), errors on a matching-figures task, and intelligence in preschool children. The results indicate that there are important and significant sex differences in preschool children's cognitive style: boys' errors were significantly correlated only with their response speed, while girls' errors only with their intelligence. These results agree with similar sex differences as observed in studies using older children. sex differences. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Developmenr, New York, March, 1967. KAGAN, J. Reflection-impulsivity and reading ability in primary grade children. Child Develpm., 1965, 36, 609-628. KAGAN, J., & LEWIS, M. Studies of attention in the human infant. MerrilGPalmer Quarterly, 1965, 11,95-127. KAGAN, J., ROSMAN, B. L., DAY, D., ALBERT, J., & PHILLIPS, W. Information processing in the child: significance of analytic and reflective attitudes. Psychol. Monogr., 1964, 78, No. 1 (Whole No. 578). Acceped March 5, 1968.

The role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed. However, a few studies using neonates and young infants have paid much attention to this variable. This study was designed to investigate state differences in the newborn's cardiac response to a tactile stimulus. The results indicated: (1) the infant when asleep showed significantly different cardiac response than when awake. This replication demonstrates that an infant I s state must be considered in any work using heart rate response.(2) In the present study, six cardiac response parameters were observed and it was clear that not all these measures of the cardiac response' yield similar results and that the response parameter E chooses to use will determine .the degree of habituation found and the nature of the response curve.(3) In general, there were differences in habituation between the waking and sleeping infant. Cardiac Responsivity to Tactile Stimulation in

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Attentional distribution was studied as a means of observing schema formation and development. Fixation time, heart rate, activity, vocalization and smiling indicated that a schema for the human form is not fully developed by two years of age. Complexity, defined as number of elements, was effected in influencing attentional distribution. Further, data at 6 and 13 months indicated that only after an earlier schema is well formed is it possible to find a significant relationship to subsequent schema development.

It has been argued that an important determinant of the cardiac response is the subject's intended transaction with his environment. The present study was designed to investigate whether cardiac deceleration would accompany the solution of a perceptual discrimination problem, and moreover, whether the degree of cardiac deceleration would be related to the accuracy of the response. Fifty‐one subjects, 44 months of age, were each given 20 trials of a matching figures task. This task required that S match a figure (called standard) to one of four variations (one of which was identical to the standard). ECG was continuously recorded along with the latency and the accuracy of the response. If the first response was incorrect, S was asked to choose again. The results indicated four major findings. (1) There was a significant cardiac deceleration from the time S received the standard until he made his first choice. If the first response was correct, the cardiac rate, within 1‐3 beats, returned to resting level; however, if S was told to guess again, the cardiac rate remained decelerated. (2) Correct responses were associated with significantly greater cardiac deceleration than incorrect responses; however, both accuracy of response and amount of deceleration were correlated, with response time. (3) In general, the degree of cardiac deceleration was significantly correlated with general intellectual function as measured by a standard IQ test. (4) There were important and consistent sex differences in cardiac responsivity. The results of this study suggest that for the very young female child, autonomic responsivity, specifically cardiac deceleration, is directly related to S's efficiency both in terms of her general intellectual functioning and her specific performance–the accuracy of her response.