In this paper, investment is estimated to be consistent with a neoclassical supply-side model of the South African economy. In the neoclassical tradition, the model has to allow for profit-maximising or cost-minimising decision-making processes by firms, where supplyside factors such as taxes, interest rates and funding in the broader sense, play a significant role. Internal and external financial constraints have an enormous influence on South Africa's gross domestic fixed investment, as was demonstrated clearly by the vulnerability during, for example, the imposition of international sanctions against South Africa as well as during the East Asian and Russian crises. Therefore, in modelling gross domestic fixed investment for South Africa, it is necessary to incorporate the significant role played by financial constraints (internal and external) on investment.

His research interests include relationship marketing, relationship intention, relationship proneness and brand avoidance. Before joining the University of Pretoria he was the Director of the School of Business Management at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). Before joining the academia, he held numerous marketing and product management positions in the South African telecommunications industry.

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