Summary.We have previously shown that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with cryopreserved donor marrow cells can be used without prolonging the engraftment time or interfering with the reconstitution of haemopoiesis. In this report we extend our initial observations of the first 40 patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from related donors with cryopreserved donor bone marrow for haematological malignancies, including the long-term follow-up data of the previously reported patients. The outcome of these patients was compared with that of 40 related BMT recipients receiving fresh donor bone marrow (historic control group). Time until engraftment of all patients receiving cryopreserved bone marrow was not different from the control group (ANC > 0 . 5 × 10 69 d), respectively). There was the same incidence of acute and chronic GvHD in patients receiving either cryopreserved bone marrow or fresh bone marrow (acute GvHD у II 61% v 60% and chronic GvHD 56% v 52%, respectively). Chimaerism studies showed no difference between the patient groups. Furthermore, the two groups did not differ in day 100 survival (82% v 72%). With a median follow-up of 520 d (range 47-1365 d) and 1289 d (range 48-1849 d), 60% of the patients receiving cryopreserved and 53% of the patients receiving fresh allogeneic donor bone marrow, respectively, are alive. We conclude that cryopreservation of allogeneic related donor bone marrow does not adversely affect engraftment, does not decrease the incidence of severe acute GvHD, and does not seem to affect the day 100 survival or long-term haemopoiesis.

In the present single institution study of 66 leukaemia patients (28 AML, 23 ALL, 15 CML), the factors influencing haematological recovery after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) were analysed retrospectively to identify the optimal conditions required for rapid haematological recovery after alloBMT. All patients received GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine A plus methotrexate. The mean number of days required to achieve a neutrophil count > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/l after alloBMT was 17 (range 9-27), 19 patients (28.8%) had rapid neutrophil recovery within 15 days after alloBMT. Haematological recovery was more rapid in the 38 patients without GVHD or with only grade I GVHD. Also, 50% and 40% of patients receiving 10 (n = 18) or 5 (n = 20) micrograms/kg G-CSF per day, respectively, had rapid neutrophil recovery within 15 days after alloBMT, as against only 7.1% of patients not receiving G-CSF after the transplant (n = 28); P < 0.001. The neutrophil recovery was similar in patients receiving either fresh or cryopreserved allografts and either a TBI-containing or a busulfan-containing conditioning regimen. A significant correlation was found between the neutrophil recovery and either the MNCs or CFU-GM contents of the allografts. The mean number of days required for neutrophil recovery was only 16 (range 9-24) in patients receiving allografts containing > 1 x 10(5) CFU-GM/kg (n = 28), as against 19 (range 13-27) in patients receiving allografts containing < or = 1 x 10(5) CFU-GM/kg (n = 35). Three patients receiving allografts containing < 0.5 x 10(5) CFU-GM/kg had primary neutrophil engraftment failure. The mean number of days required to achieve a platelet count > or = 20 x 10(9)/l was 21 (range 11-50), and 30 patients (46.9%) had platelet recovery within 20 days after alloBMT. The platelet recovery after alloBMT was not affected by the type of leukaemia, conditioning regimen, or G-CSF administration. The mean number of days required for platelet recovery after alloBMT was 20 in patients receiving allografts containing > 1.0 x 10(5) BFU-E/kg (n = 35), as against 23 days in patients receiving allografts containing < or = 1.0 x 10(5) BFU-E/kg (n = 24). Seven patients receiving allografts containing < 0.5 x 10(5) BFU-E/kg had primary platelet engraftment failure. The present study has identified the high number of progenitor cells in the allografts infused and the daily administration of G-CSF posttransplant as the optimal combination for rapid neutrophil recovery after alloBMT. More significantly, the number of BFU-E in allografts was the most significant determining factor in platelet recovery after alloBMT. The development of GVHD of grade II or more during the first weeks after alloBMT was associated with slower haematological recovery, a longer period of fever during neutropenia and longer hospitalization.