Cities promote the distribution of more and better greenspaces across their urbanized areas. These spaces are not, however, well-received in all quarters, and a particular category of greenspace, the public park, is often lamented for its relationship with crime. This has been found true of parks, but little has been done to disaggregate the impact of park types or their location within the city. This study conducts such an investigation to identify the effects of different types of parks and to identify any differences of those effects across space. After accounting for the unique socio-economic and demographic circumstances of different areas within a particular Canadian city, London, Ontario, it is found that only very few parks are connected with higher rates of property crime.

There are more displaced persons worldwide today than there ever has been before. Many countries, despite the urgent need for collective effort in providing for these persons, have been slow to accommodate them. Applicants continue to face stringent legal and practical barriers to asylum, even in countries party to the various international refugee agreements. Restrictions on applications are routinely justified with reference to national security, and in particular to defense against terrorism. There is a belief in some sectors of the polity and public that allowing greater numbers of refugees into the country will result in more incidences of violent terrorism. Refugee resettlement programs are caricatured as the Trojan horse permitting terrorists' passage through national borders. Little has been done, empirically, that could testify to the veracity of such a theory, and that which has been done has been equivocal. Moreover, previous studies were unable to establish anything past a coincidental association between refugee populations and experiences of terrorism. This study explicitly tests the idea that refugees, by their own actions, cause terrorism. The findings of the study do not support Trojan horse or other theories that villainize refugees, nor are they decisive of a connection between refugees and terrorism.