RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de doses de gesso e de biofertilizante nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de plantas de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV Catolé do Rocha-PB. Os tratamentos compreenderam um esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro doses de gesso agrícola (25; 50; 75; 100% da necessidade de gesso -NG) na ausência e na presença de biofertilizante bovino (0 e 10% v/v), com três repetições. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, incubação do solo e posterior lavagem, cultivaram-se plantas de girassol cultivar CF/01 ADVANTA durante 30 dias. A aplicação do gesso reduziu a salinidade e a sodicidade do solo, sendo que a dose de 100% da NG proporcionou as maiores reduções obtendo valores de RAS e PST mantendo-os inferiores a 12 (mmolc L -1 ) -0,5 e 15%, respectivamente. O melhor desenvolvimento das plantas de girassol ocorreu no solo com a presença de biofertilizante. A associação gesso e biofertilizante favoreceu a correção do solo salino-sódicos e cultivo do girassol. Palavras-chave: salinidade; sodicidade; Helianthusannuus L.; matéria orgânica SÁ, F.V.S.; MESQUITA, E.F.; BERTINO, A.M.P.; COSTA, J.D.; ARAÚJO, J.L. INFLUENCE OF PLASTER AND BIOFERTILIZER ON CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A SALINE SODIC SOIL AND ON INITIAL GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plaster and biofertilizer levels on the chemical attributes of a saline sodic soil and on initial growth of sunflower. The experiment Sá, et. al 47 Irriga, Botucatu, v. 20, n. 1, p. 46-59, janeiro-março, 2015was conducted in a greenhouse of the Center of Humanities and Agricultural Sciences, Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV Catolé Rocha-PB, Brazil. Treatments were applied using a 4 x 2 factorial design with four levels of gypsum (25; 50; 75; 100% of the plaster need) in the absence and presence of bovine biofertilizer (0 and 10% v/v) and three replicates. After treatment application, soil incubation and subsequent washing, the sunflower plants cv CF/01 ADVANTA were grown for 30 days. Gypsum application reduced soil salinity and sodicity. Plaster need of 100% led to the greatest reductions in sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), with values lower than 12 (mmolc L -1 ) -0.5 and 15%, respectively. Optimal sunflower plant development was observed in the presence of soil biofertilizer. The gypsum and biofertilizer association favored the correction of saline sodic soil and cultivation of sunflower plants.
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