Optical coherence tomography angiography was able to image foveal microvascular changes that were not detected by clinical examination in diabetic eyes. Changes to the foveal avascular zone and capillary nonperfusion were more prevalent in diabetic eyes, whereas vessel tortuosity was observed with a similar frequency in normal and diabetic eyes. Optical coherence tomography angiography may be able to detect diabetic eyes at risk of developing retinopathy and to screen for diabetes quickly and noninvasively before the systemic diagnosis is made.

The white dot syndromes are a group of inflammatory chorioretinopathies of unknown etiology which have in common a unique and characteristic appearance of multiple yellow-white lesions affecting multiple layers of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and the choroid. They also have overlapping clinical features. We discuss acute retinal pigment epitheliopathy, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, and serpiginous choroidopathy. Some of these diseases are associated with a viral prodrome suggesting a possible viral/infectious etiology, while others are associated with a number of systemic processes suggesting an autoimmune etiology. We also review the presentation, evaluation/diagnosis, and treatment of these entities as well as the prognosis. Where applicable we discuss recent advancements in diagnosing and treating the white dot syndromes.

No abstract

Ultra-widefield angiography was helpful to confirming the diagnosis of HORV in this milder case example in a patient who maintained excellent vision. This forme fruste variant of HORV after exposure to vancomycin suggests that the incidence of HORV after cataract surgery may be more common than previously reported. Vigilance, close observation, and broad reporting can help further clarify the incidence and potential adverse effects of routinely using intracameral vancomycin during cataract surgery.

Most reports of orbital hemorrhage do not distinguish among intraconal, extraconal, and subperiosteal hemorrhages, although several reports describe isolated subperiosteal hematomas as a separate entity. We report 3 cases of subperiosteal hematoma with different etiologies but similar progression of signs and symptoms. Each patient presented with spontaneous proptosis, rarely caused by orbital subperiosteal hematoma, measuring approximately 5 mm. Over the course of 4-10 days their conditions worsened and warranted intervention. All 3 cases were treated with anterior orbitotomy, and visual acuity returned to baseline following surgery in all.