PurposeLifestyle-related disease substantially impacts health, but physicians lack adequate nutrition education to discuss behavioral change with patients. Many medical schools have developed culinary medicine programs as a nutrition education strategy, but common elements of success have not been defined.

Cost: $57.95.This detailed textbook has the potential to be valuable for occupational therapists at all levels; students for a general overview, OTRs as a knowledge enhancement through continuing education experience, and/or those desiring to become visual specialists in the field of occupational therapy. Mitchell Scheiman included many resources in this text including, but not excluded to the following: assessment supplies, sample screening forms, certification information, treatment techniques, and the symptoms of each diagnosis/disorder. Depending on the desire and/or position of the reader, this book has been designed to allow all those in the occupational therapy profession to further their knowledge of how vision impacts each and every aspect of a typical treatment session. Aspects of disorders spanning pediatrics to geriatrics, low vision, neuromuscular issues, and special needs are all covered within this text.This text offers a diverse amount of knowledge. For the occupational therapy students, a general knowledge of how vision relates to the field is provided with numerous examples, and many comprehensible tables and pictures. For the occupational therapy generalist, this text emphasizes the importance of evaluating and including vision as part of each treatment. Also, for those desiring to pursue visual specialty, many explicit case reviews and in-depth ophthalmologic and optometric information are provided.The pictures, figures, and tables bring life to this textbook. Rather than simply comprehending the essence of the information being presented, the reader is also able to visually and mentally organize the information. Although all aspects of this text are in black and white print only, the photographic examples are quite clear, and significantly aid in the understanding of the reading material.First, Dr. Scheiman organized this book in a commonsensical manner, as many basics of the eye care professions are described. For example, he defines and explains visual integrity (physical condition of the eye, and the ability to see clearly at all distances), visual efficiency (the effectiveness of one's eyes to take in visual information appropriately), and visual information processing (the ability to correctly interpret visual input).Subsequently, he moves into describing the multiple aspects of vision, and how each visual deficit can alter the ability one has to interact with the environment. Lastly, he and his wife (an occupational therapist herself) join to encourage the fields of visual care and occupational therapy to unite efforts in order for each client to receive exceptional care.

Background Identifying the brain bases for phenotypic heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) will advance understanding of its pathogenesis and improve its clinical management. Methods We compared Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indices and connectome measures between 77 ASD and 88 Typically Developing (TD) control participants. We also assessed voxel‐wise associations of DTI indices with measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) to understand how tissue microstructure associates with cellular metabolism and neuronal density, respectively. Results Autism Spectrum Disorder participants had significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher diffusivity values in deep white matter tracts, likely representing ether reduced myelination by oligodendrocytes or a reduced density of myelinated axons. Greater abnormalities in these measures and regions were associated with higher ASD symptom scores. Participant age, sex and IQ significantly moderated these group differences. Path analyses showed that reduced NAA levels accounted significantly for higher diffusivity and higher rCBF values in ASD compared with TD participants. Conclusions Reduced neuronal density (reduced NAA) likely underlies abnormalities in DTI indices of white matter microstructure in ASD, which in turn are major determinants of elevated blood flow. Together, these findings suggest the presence of reduced axonal density and axonal pathology in ASD white matter. Greater pathology in turn accounts for more severe symptoms, lower intellectual ability, and reduced global efficiency for measures of white matter connectivity in ASD.

Tremendous economic loss is attributed to high altitude disease mortality of calves in the Mountain West and Great Plains region. Additional economic losses may be associated with changes in feed efficiency and carcass quality in animals at higher risk of heart failure during the finishing phase. Thus, the objective of the current study is to evaluate economically relevant traits throughout the finishing period to determine inefficiencies associated with variable levels of heart failure risk and reproductive tract type of beef heifers. Both intact reproductive tract (n = 19) and ovariectomized (n = 18) heifers were stratified by risk category, where initial pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) levels at or below 42 mmHg were designated as low risk and those above 42 mmHg as moderate/high risk. Heifers were fed a grain-based diet for 125 d before transportation to the harvest facility on d 126. All heifers were weighed in 2 wk intervals. Heifers were PAP tested by a qualified veterinarian in approximately 3 mo intervals during the feeding period. Feed intake data was collected for the last 55 d prior to harvest using the Vytelle SENSETM bunk system. Time of harvest was determined based on live weight and final ultrasound 12th rib fat thickness. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA function of R with tract type and risk as fixed effects. Comparisons were tested using a significance level of α = 0.05 and 0.05 (P ≤ 0.10) were considered tendencies. There were no interactions of risk category and tract type on performance or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.14). There was a tendency for higher total intake (P = 0.07) and relative growth rate (P = 0.04) among moderate/high risk heifers compared to the low-risk category. Hot carcass weight, marbling score, ribeye area, and USDA yield grade were not impacted (P ≥ 0.16) by risk category. Intact heifers had greater (P = 0.02) total gain than their ovariectomized contemporaries. However, marbling scores were higher (P = 0.04) among ovariectomized heifers compared to those from intact heifers. These data suggest that risk category and tract type minimally influence performance and carcass characteristics in a population that selects sires with low PAP scores. It remains unclear if more initial divergence in PAP scores would elicit greater impacts on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot heifers.