A busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável tem impulsionado a substituição dos combustíveis fósseis pela utilização de combustíveis renováveis, o que tem possibilitado avanços na pesquisa agropecuária e industrial elevando mundialmente a competitividade do Brasil no setor sucroalcooleiro. A expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar e o desenvolvimento e modernização do setor sucroalcooleiro têm contribuído incontestavelmente para o fortalecimento do agronegócio brasileiro e, consequentemente, para o crescimento da economia do País. O território brasileiro com enormes áreas com potencial agrícola e o avanço tecnológico do setor da cana, têm incentivado o Governo Brasileiro no direcionamento dos planos governamentais de expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar em áreas de pastagens degradadas, principalmente na região centro-oeste do país. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar resultados da aplicação de uma metodologia de avaliação da sustentabilidade frente a ampliação da cultura de cana-de-açúcar no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Alguns indicadores de sustentabilidade foram selecionados para as microrregiões do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, que foram avaliadas quanto à sua sustentabilidade e comparadas através da metodologia do Barômetro de Sustentabilidade.
Transmission foci of autochthonous malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax -like parasites have frequently been reported in the Atlantic Forest in Southeastern and Southern Brazil. Evidence suggests that malaria is a zoonosis in these areas as human infections by simian Plasmodium species have been detected, and the main vector of malaria in the Atlantic Forest, Anopheles ( Kerteszia ) cruzii , can blood feed on human and simian hosts. In view of the lack of models that seek to predict the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in this part of the Atlantic Forest, the present study proposes a new deterministic mathematical model that includes a transmission compartment for non-human primates and parameters that take into account vector displacement between the upper and lower forest strata. The effects of variations in the abundance and acrodendrophily of An. cruzii on the prevalence of infected humans in the study area and the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) for malaria were analyzed. The model parameters are based on the literature and fitting of the empirical data. Simulations performed with the model indicate that (1) an increase in the abundance of the vector in relation to the total number of blood-seeking mosquitoes leads to an asymptotic increase in both the proportion of infected individuals at steady state and R 0 ; (2) the proportion of infected humans at steady state is higher when displacement of the vector mosquito between the forest strata increases; and (3) in most scenarios, Plasmodium transmission cannot be sustained only between mosquitoes and humans, which implies that non-human primates play an important role in maintaining the transmission cycle. The proposed model contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of malaria transmission in the Atlantic Forest.
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