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Introduction: Microbiologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis patients under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) are treated with a 6-month short-course chemotherapy (SCC) regimen irrespective of co-morbid conditions. The aim of present study was to determine the time taken for SSC conversion with standard current treatment with anti-tubercular drugs and analysis of risk factors if any delaying it. We undertook this prospective study to compare sputum conversion rates (smear) at the end of intensive phase (IP) of Category regimen.

Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the commonest infectious disease of central nervous system in pediatric and geriatric cases. Tuberculosis can be prevented in children by diagnosing and treating cases of active TB amongst adults, as pediatric cases always acquire it passively from household contact of adults suffering from TB as disease in adults is multibacillary. Although significant data is available for the prevention of childhood extra-pulmonary and disseminated TB, offering them Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, it is still not routinely offered during vaccination. In this case report, a two-year child with a history of failure to thrive and constitutional symptoms diagnosed with disseminated extra-pulmonary TB presenting as TB meningitis with a history of contact with the mother suffering from active sputum positive pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. In conclusion, we recommend BCG vaccination to all newborns, and tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid prophylaxis to the contact of adults with sputum positive pulmonary TB cases in India. ÖzetTüberküloz menenjit, pediatrik ve geriatrik olgularda en sık görülen santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonudur. Pediatrik olgular, basil yayan erişkin tüberküloz hastaları ile yakın temas sonucu hasta oldukları için aktif erişkin tüberküloz olgularının tanı ve tedavilerinin yapılması ile çocukların bu hastalıktan korunması mümkün olabilir. Çocukluk çağında yapılan BCG aşılanması ile akciğer dışı ve yaygın tüberkülozdan çocukların korunduklarına dair anlamlı veriler bulunmasına rağmen, halen aşılama rutin olarak yapılma-maktadır. Bu olgu sunumunda, gelişme geriliği ve konstitüsyonel semptomları olan ve yaygın akciğer dışı tüberkülozun menenjit formunda ortaya çıktığı, iki yaşındaki çocuk sunulmuştur. Çocuğun tüberküloz yakın teması olarak annesinin yayma pozitif akciğer tüberkülozu olduğu ve antitüberküloz tedavi aldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Hindistan'da, tüm yeni doğanlara BCG aşısı yapılmasını ve yayma pozitif akciğer tüberkülozlu erişkinlerin temaslılarının tüber-külin testinin yapılarak isoniyazid proflaksisine alın-masını tavsiye ediyoruz.Anahtar Sözcükler: Tüberküloz menenjit, BCG aşısı, isoniyazid, tüberkülin deri testi, anneden çocuğa bulaşma.