Background:The competency in orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine has been reported as a deficiency. Sports medicine clinical rotations may improve both medical students' and residents' musculoskeletal knowledge, but none have evaluated the knowledge and skills a resident may gain during the rotation in sports medicine.Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine (1) The knowledge gained by residents at varying levels after rotating within our sports medicine program and (2) The performance of residents in a standardized sports medicine test at the start and end of each resident's rotation in sports medicine. Methods: Total of 136 residents and fellows participated in this study following the Model Curriculum and Guidelines for Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Medicine Fellowship Training created by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education. Multiple modalities training program were administered, including clinical rotation, laboratory research project, covering professional sport team training, and conference presentation. Their performances were assessed and compared by pre-and post-rotation tests with statistical analysis to determine the improvement of their orthopaedic knowledge. Results:The residents at the fifth of Post-Graduate-Year (PGY 5) scored the highest followed by fellows. PGY5 had the lowest percent change between pre-and post-test. PGY 2 and PGY3 residents scored the lowest overall while having the largest percent change before and after the rotation thereby showing the most improvement.Conclusions: Multiple modalities training program improved residents and fellows' performance and knowledge in sports medicine.