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This chapter discusses how morality might be partially innate, meaning organized, to some extent, in advance of experience. It begins by arguing for a broader conception of morality and suggests that most of the discussion of innateness to date has not been about morality per se; it has been about whether the psychology of harm and fairness is innate. Five hypotheses about the origins of moral knowledge and value are considered, and one of them (a form of flexible and generative modularity) is endorsed as being the best candidate. The importance of narrativity in moral functioning is discussed. In some respects, this is another corrective to what is seen as an overemphasis on deductive and calculative conceptions of value and rationality among both philosophers and psychologists. It is shown that a narrative approach to morality fits well with the nativist ‘five foundations’ view developed in the first part of the chapter, and also helps to explain how the intuitive, evolved foundations of morality are elaborated by cultural activity into the complex, diverse moral functioning that mature human beings display.

Conspiracy thinking is defined as a pattern of explanatory reasoning about events and situations of personal, social, and historical significance in which a "conspiracy" is the dominant or operative actor. While conspiracy thinking exists to some extent probably in every society, the authors note the special prevalence of this type of thinking in the Arab-Iranian-Muslim Middle East, and offer a psychoanalytically based approach to conspiracy thinking based on theories of the paranoid process. The authors also attempt to identify aspects of Arab-Iranian-Muslim culture that may predispose individuals from that culture to conspiracy thinking, especially child-rearing practices, attitudes toward sexuality, and the role of secrecy.

This paper presents the results of a series of self-healing experiments conducted on reinforced mortar beams containing adhesive-filled glass reservoirs. An overview of the findings of the preliminary investigation stage of experiments is given in addition to the results of a parametric study which investigates the effect of the level of reinforcement and loading rate on the amount of self-healing. Results show that both primary and secondary healing occurs during the first and second loading cycles respectively. Qualitative results also show clear evidence of the occurrence of crack-healing following the first loading cycle and new crack formation during the second loading cycle. The long-term motivation for this work is to provide data suitable for the development of a numerical material model for the autonomic healing process in cementitious materials.