The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) are put into practice by the Department of Education (DepEd). It aimed to increase students’ degree of resilience to natural disasters by integrating Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) into the curricula and other educational programs. This study was conducted to assess the disaster preparedness and related knowledge among Senior High School students of Del Pilar National High School in Cabadbaran City. A total of 120 respondents from Grades 11 and Grade 12 were subjected to the study. An adapted and modified survey questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the responses. The results obtained high disaster preparedness (WM- 3.88) and disaster-related-knowledge indicators (WM- 3.53) with its verbal interpretation of Prepared. This indicates a helpful indicator that the students in the study area were equipped with disaster management. While a significant correlation P< 0.0001 between age to disaster preparedness and related knowledge has been obtained. This indicates a strong relationship that age is an important factor in influencing disaster management. Further, results obtained from a high level of participants showed related knowledge, preparedness, and awareness of disasters associated with the use of effective, safe, and standardized methods. Employing the study emphasizes readiness, and resiliency while assessing the knowledge among the students in responding to the disaster. Thus, it presented information for students to improve and sustain their level of disaster preparedness to ensure safety on the school premises.

Mangroves are essential components of the coastal biome and have an extremely productive ecosystem. It provides benefits for both the environment and humans. Valuation of the diversity and species composition plays a crucial role in the conservation and protection. This study aimed to assess the composition of mangroves and mangrove associates in Barangay Ata-Atahon, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte, Philippines. Three sampling stations were established with a 50-meter interval in every station. Transect lines of 50 meters were laid perpendicular to the shoreline. The results show that 19 species of mangroves and 5 mangrove associates were recorded. Ceriops decandra was found to be the dominant species with 303 individuals and constituting 36% of the entire mangroves population. While Camptostemon philippinensis, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata had the lowest number of individuals and made up a combination of 5%. In mangrove associates, Avicennia rumphiana made up 47% of the population and was followed by Avicennia marina (40%). This implied that the study area is less diverse based on the observed species when compared to the 46-mangrove species found in the Philippines alone. Necessarily, reforestation and conservation efforts must be attained to fill the gaps between the community and mangrove sustainability. Thus, determining the species diversity and composition measures ecological status. Mitigations and ecological management must be enacted by the locality to further conserve the mangrove ecosystem.