Introduction: Dapagliflozin, an insulin-independent sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2-I) induces glycosuria and reduces hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. Objective: To present an "euglycemic" diabetic ketosis in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1D) receiving dapagliflozin, to alert about the risk of a drug not approved in children nor in T1D. Case report: A 17 years old adolescent with T1D during 9 years, was started on dapagliflozin 10 mg/day to reduce insulin dose and weight. During 11 months on treatment, capillary ketones were undetectable and she exhibited a reduction in body mass index 23.9 to 21.1 kg/m 2 , basal insulin 40 to 17 U, glycated hemoglobin 8.3 to 7.5%, capillary glucose 175 to 161 mg/dl and glucose variability (standard deviation) 85 to 77. Suddenly nausea and vomits appeared. The patient was on an insulin pump and well calibrated continuous glucose monitoring, showing stable glucose levels under 200 mg/dl, and an insulin bolus was delivered. Vomiting without hyperglycemia persisted; three hours later, she was severely dehydrated and fainting, with ketones 4.6 nmol/l and glucose 224 mg/dl. She received IV saline fluids, ondansetron, carbohydrates and several insulin boluses. Hydration and general condition improved soon, however despite several insulin doses, ketosis continued for 24 hours. It is remarkable that the pump was working well and the cannula was not changed. After the ketosis was resolved, she continued using the same cannula with good metabolic control. Conclusion: Euglycemic ketosis is a life-threatening condition that must be suspected.
El accidente ofídico es la lesión resultante de la mordedura de una serpiente, en el caso de ofidios venenosos se puede producir inoculación del veneno, constituyéndose además en ofidiotoxicosis. Esta entidad ha sido declarada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como una enfermedad tropical olvidada. En el caso de Colombia constituye un problema aún vigente con una incidencia nacional de 9.7 casos por 100.000 habitantes, según datos reportados en el 2012. Las manifestaciones clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes se encuentran en relación directa con la composición del veneno de la serpiente, el cual es una especie específica. El propósito del presente artículo es describir, por medio de un caso clínico las características semiológicas y fisiopatológicas de un caso de ofidiotoxicosis con complicaciones neurológicas, haciendo una revisión de la literatura actual. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino, de 54 años de edad, que sufrió accidente ofídico grave, se discute con detalle las situaciones que pudieron haber contribuido al desenlace del paciente.
Las complicaciones neurológicas asociadas a los virus respiratorios (en especial la influenza) son descritas de manera poco frecuente. Particularmente el virus influenza A subtipo H1N1 tiene escasos reportes, la mayoría proviene de niños y adultos jóvenes. Presentamos el caso del adulto mayor con un cuadro infeccioso respiratorio y múltiples complicaciones sistémicas graves a su cuadro primario, quien durante la estancia hospitalaria presentó un cuadro encefalopático, con características clínicas y radiológicas muy sugestivas de encefalitis hemorrágica debido a su agente primario infeccioso, en este caso influenza A H1N1.
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