Background. Byrsonima is a promising neotropical genus, rich in flavonoids and triterpenes, with several proven pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, Byrsonima duckeana W. R. Anderson is an Amazonian species almost not studied. Objective. To assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of Byrsonima duckeana leaves. Materials and Methods. We analyzed an ethanol extract and its fractions for polyphenol content and UHPLC-MS/MS, phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, TBARS antioxidant tests, formalin-induced pain, carrageenan-induced peritonitis, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings, and hot plate assays. Results. All the samples showed high polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and TBARS tests. We identified ethyl gallate, quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetrin, and quercetin in the samples. B. duckeana was able to reduce leukocyte migration in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis by 43% and the licking time in the formalin test by 57%. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the chloroform (FCL) and ethyl acetate (FEA) fractions were the most active samples. FEA was selected for the hot plate test, where all the dosages tested (5, 50, and 200 mg·kg−1) showed significant analgesic activity. Conclusion. B. duckeana has interesting analgesic and antioxidant activities, due to its high phenolic content, especially phenolic acids.

RESUMO:O uso racional de medicamentos vem sendo discutido ao longo dos anos com a fi nalidade de proteger a saúde da população contra o uso indiscriminado e inadequado desses produtos. Nesse contexto, as bulas representam a principal fonte de informação dos pacientes sobre os medicamentos. Em 2003, a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária publicou a resolução RDC nº 140, que, dentre outras inovações, cria uma bula específi ca para os pacientes, cujo texto deve apresentar um maior tamanho de letra e ser de fácil compreensão. Em 2009, a RDC nº 47 trouxe novas regras para aperfeiçoar aspectos mais críticos para o entendimento textual. Nesse trabalho, uma pesquisa foi realizada em Curitiba, Paraná, com voluntários abordados em farmácias comerciais e postos de saúde após a aquisição de um ou mais medicamentos, com o objetivo de avaliar itens como o hábito de ler bulas e as difi culdades encontradas nessa tarefa. Mais de 80% dos entrevistados lêem bulas e dentre as principais difi culdades relatam-se, primeiramente, a linguagem de difícil entendimento e, em segundo, o tamanho pequeno das letras que inviabilizam a leitura e compreensão do texto. Dentre os itens mais lidos estão os efeitos adversos, as indicações e posologia. Avaliando os resultados, concluiu-se que as difi culdades encontradas para sua leitura permanecem as mesmas que em anos anteriores à publicação da RDC nº 140. Entretanto, espera-se com a RDC nº 47 que essas falhas possam ser sanadas, pois são defi nidas nessa resolução especialmente regras para que a apresentação textual das informações seja mais clara e precisa possível para garantir o uso do medicamento da forma correta e segura. Palavras-chave: Bulas, Legislação, Medicamentos ABSTRACT:The rational use of drugs has been discussed over the years in order to protect people's health against the indiscriminate and inappropriate use of these products. In this context, the package inserts represent the main source of information for patients with regards to drugs. In 2003 the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency published the resolution nº 140, which, among other innovations, creates a specifi c package inserts for patients, whose text should display a larger font and be easy to understand. In 2009 the resolution nº 47 has brought new rules to improve the most critical topics for understanding text. A research conducted in Curitiba, Paraná, was carried out with volunteers in commercial pharmacies and health clinics after purchase one or more drugs, with the aim of evaluating items such as the habit of reading package inserts and the diffi culties encountered in this task. Over 80% of the volunteers reads package inserts and among the main problems reported are: fi rst, the language diffi cult to understand and, second, the small size of the letters that prevents the reading and understanding of the text. Adverse effects, indications and dosage are the items most frequently readed. Evaluating the results, it was concluded that the diffi culties encountered in reading remain the same as in years prior...

The tea of aerial parts of Smilax larvata Griseb. (Smilacaceae) has been ethnopharmacologically used in Southern Brazil due to its anti-inflammatory action. In this study, ethanolic and organic extracts from aerial parts of S. larvata were phytochemically and pharmacologically characterized. The phytochemical analysis of EtOAc extract of S. larvata revealed the presence of three flavonoids, drabanemoroside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol, the first two being isolated for the first time in this genus, two phenolic compounds p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid, and alkaloids. In vitro assays demonstrated a potential antioxidant property of SLG. The treatment with SLG induced a significant reduction of the formalin-evoked flinches in rats, an effect reversed by opioid antagonist naloxone. Treatment with SLG also induced a significant increase in the hot plate latency and a decrease of intestinal motility by 45%. No effect was observed over nociceptive responses induced by a TRPA1 agonist mustard oil or over acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Together, our data suggested that SLG has an in vivo antinociceptive effect, which seems to be associated with the opioid system activation. These findings support previous claims of medical use of Smilax larvata in the treatment of pain conditions.

RESUMO:Atualmente o câncer é uma doença com prevalência representativa no Brasil. Dos tipos de neoplasias, pode-se citar o câncer de pele que atinge em torno de 25% da população segundo dados do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). Devido à importância e abrangência dessa patologia são cada vez mais necessárias políticas públicas que assegurem o direito a saúde conquistado pela população com a criação do SUS que pode ser descrito como um sistema de saúde que articula município, estado e a federação para promoção e recuperação de saúde da população. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre as políticas públicas de prevenção ao câncer de pele no SUS e legislações pertinentes. Foram pesquisados artigos que relatassem alguma intervenção que auxiliasse a população na prevenção desta patologia. Observou-se que ainda há uma grande escassez em políticas públicas voltadas especificamente para o câncer de pele, havendo um projeto de Lei que é amplamente citado porém que infelizmente não assegura a prevenção primária a esta patologia. Reforçando desta maneira a necessidade de mais pesquisas nessa área, para demonstrar a sua importância na atenção primária a saúde. Palavras-chave: câncer de pele, prevenção, saúde pública. AbstractCurrently cancer is a disease with a representative prevalence in Brazil. According to data from the National Cancer Institute José de Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), cancer of the skin accounts for around 25% of the population. Due to the importance and scope of this pathology, public policies are increasingly needed to ensure the right to health achieved by the population with the creation of SUS, which can be described as a health system that articulates the municipality, state and federation for the promotion and recovery of Health of the population. The objective of this article was to carry out a bibliographic survey about public policies for the prevention of skin cancer in the SUS and relevant legislation. We searched for articles that reported some intervention that would assist the population in the prevention of this pathology. It was observed that there is still a great shortage in public policies specifically focused on skin cancer, there is a bill that is widely cited but unfortunately does not ensure the primary prevention of this pathology. This reinforces the need for more research in this area to demonstrate its importance in primary health care.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ethanolic crude extracts and fractions of the species Senecio westermanii Dusén on Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Allium cepa L. (onion) seeds. We assessed the germination, growth, root respiration and photosynthesis of the target species in Petri dishes (9.0 cm diameter) containing filter paper n°6. The study was conducted using 50 seeds per plate and held in 4 replicates per concentration of each sample. In the germination there was an inhibitory effect of fractions hexane (FH) and chloroform (FCl) at concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/mL. There was a reduction in the radicle growth of lettuce by 14 to 24% and a reduction of hypocotilum by 14 to 28%. As for the radicle of the onion was up 74% reduction to the FCl and the coleoptile was 24 and 45% reduction for FH and FCl, respectively. Inhibitory effects in the root respiration of lettuce were detected in all the samples analyzed, with results ranging from 16 to 83%. For the seeds of A. cepa, there was an encouragement for the FCl and ethyl acetate fractions (FAE), with results ranging from 94 to 142% and 76 to 150%, respectively. With regard to the photosynthesis of L. sativa, there was no significant difference between the control, and as for the A. cepa, there was a strain in inhibition concentrations of 250 and 500 µg/mL, which ranged from 27 to 68%. The samples of S. westermanii caused changes in the target species and thus can be used as a natural herbicide.