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a b s t r a c tEmulsifiers and enzymes are used as anti-staling agents in bakery products, providing increased shelf life, which is especially interesting for industrialized breads, such as pan bread. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the emulsifier sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and of the enzyme maltogenic amylase (MALTO) on the quality of pan bread during storage. A 2 2 complete factorial experimental design was followed and the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the influence of the addition of SSL (0e0.50 g/100 g flour) and MALTO (0e0.04 g/100 g flour) on bread quality parameters. A Control bread (without the addition of emulsifier or enzyme) was also prepared. Response surfaces and mathematical models were obtained for all the responses studied, showing the positive effect of the addition of SSL and MALTO on the increase of bread volume and the reduction of firmness, especially on Day 10. The breads with the highest total scores in the sensory evaluation were those with 0.43 g SSL/100 g flour þ 0.03 g MALTO/100 g flour and with 0.50 g SSL/100 g flour þ 0.02 g MALTO/100 g flour.

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Bread characteristics are dependent upon the chemical composition and fiber content of the wheat flour used. A healthy diet can help prevent chronic diseases, where whole grains and fewer calories from fat are components of a healthy diet. The aims of this study were to determine the centesimal composition of wheat flour samples (whole, refined, and flour blends) along with their farinographic parameters (water absorption, development time and stability) and also to verify the specific volume, crumb texture profile and digital imaging of bread loaves made with 60% whole wheat flour and 3% fat or fat replacer. Increasing the whole wheat flour percentage in the blends also increased levels of protein, ash and insoluble fiber. All the farinographic parameters were also increased. Enzymatically modified starch was found to be an effective fat replacer in whole wheat loaves. The loaves made using fat replacer had the same specific volume and higher cell density as those made with fat, but exhibited different texture profile parameters such as higher hardness value and lower springiness value.Uniterms: Wheat flour/centesimal composition. Whole wheat bread/characteristics. Fat/replacers. Food fibers.A composição química da farinha de trigo e a presença de fibras afeta as características dos pães. Uma forma de contribuir com a prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis é através de alimentação saudável, incluindo grãos integrais na dieta alimentar e reduzindo as calorias de determinado alimento, substituindo a gordura. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal das amostras de farinha de trigo integral, refinada e as misturas entre elas; bem como os parâmetros farinográficos (absorção de água, tempo de desenvolvimento e estabilidade) das mesmas. Além disso, verificar volume específico, perfil de textura do miolo e análise de imagem de pães elaborados com 60% de farinha de trigo integral e com 3% de gordura ou com substituto de gordura. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância. À medida que aumenta o percentual de farinha integral, os teores de proteína, cinzas e fibra insolúvel alcançam valores significativamente maiores e a absorção de água fica maior na farinografia, bem como o tempo de desenvolvimento e a estabilidade. O amido modificado enzimaticamente utilizado na elaboração de pão com 60% de farinha de trigo integral funcionou como um efetivo substituto de gordura. O pão integral elaborado com substituto de gordura apresentou volume específico significativamente igual ao pão integral elaborado com gordura, porém com diferenças em relação a parâmetros do perfil de textura, maior firmeza e menor elasticidade além de maior densidade celular do que o pão elaborado com gordura.Unitermos: Farinha de trigo/composição centesimal. Pão de trigo integral/características. Gordura/ substitutos. Fibras alimentares. INTRODUCTIONWheat is one of the ten most important commodities globally (FAO, 2010) and numbers among the world's 'big three' cereal crops in terms of harvested area. Whe...

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