RESUMOPalavras-chave adicionais: Magnaporthe oryzae, Pyricularia grisea, ImageJ, severidade, epidemia.A qu a ntifica çã o correta da bru sone ca u sa da pelo fu ngo Magnaporthe oryzae em espigas de trigo (Triticum aestivum) é um componente importa nte pa ra o entendimento do desenvolvimento dessa doença com vistas ao seu controle. A quantificação visual baseada em uma esca la diagramática pode ser uma tarefa prática e eficiente que já tem demonstrado utilidade em diversos patossistemas, inclusive doenças da espiga do trigo como a mancha das glu mas e fusariose. Espigas apresentando diferentes valores de severidade da doença foram coletadas em u ma lavou ra com o objetivo de ela borar u ma escala diagramática para quantificar a severidade da brusone em espigas de trigo. As espigas foram fotografa das e a severidade da bru sone foi Maciel, J.L.N.; Danelli, A.L.D.; Boretto, C.; Forcelini, C.A. Escala diagramática para avaliação de brusone na espiga de trigo. Summa Phytopathologica, v.39, n.3, p.162-166, 2013. determinada usando os recursos do programa computacional ImageJ. Uma escala diagramática foi elaborada com os seguintes valores de severidade de doença: 3,7; 7,5; 21,4; 30,5; 43,8; 57,3; 68,1; 86,0; e 100,0%. Uma espiga assintomática foi adicionada à escala. A validação da escala foi realizada por oito pessoas que estimaram a severidade da brusone em imagens digitalizadas de 40 espigas de trigo. A precisão e a a cu rá cia da s a va lia ções va ria ra m de a cordo com o a va lia dor (0,82
A model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian soybean rust (ASR) (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) was developed by collecting data from field experiments during the growing seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11, in Passo Fundo, RS. The disease intensity gradient, evaluated in the phenological stages R5.3, R5.4 and R5.5 based on leaflet incidence (LI) and number of uredinium and lesions/cm 2 , was generated by applying azoxystrobin 60 g a.i/ha + cyproconazole 24 g a.i/ha + 0.5% of the adjuvant Nimbus. The first application occurred when LI = 25% and the remaining ones Danelli, A.L.D.; Reis, E.M.; Boaretto, C. Critical-point model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian soybean rust. Summa Phytopathologica, v.41, n.4, p.262-269, 2015. at 10, 15, 20 and 25-day intervals. Harvest occurred at physiological maturity and was followed by grain drying and cleaning. Regression analysis between the grain yield and the disease intensity assessment criteria generated 56 linear equations of the yield loss function. The greatest loss was observed in the earliest growth stage, and yield loss coefficients ranged from 3.41 to 9.02 kg/ha for each 1% LI for leaflet incidence, from 13.34 to 127.4 kg/ha/1 lesion/cm 2 for lesion density and from 5.53 to 110.0 kg/ha/1 uredinium/cm 2 for uredinium density. Critical-point model to estimate yield loss caused by Asian soybean rust RESUMOfoi realizada na fase de maturação fisiológica, seguido por secagem de grãos e de limpeza. A análise de regressão realizada entre o rendimento de grãos e os critérios de avaliação da intensidade da doença, gerou 56 equações lineares da função de dano. Os maiores danos foram observados no estádio mais precoce de avaliação, sendo que para incidência foliolar os coeficientes de danos variaram de 3,41 a 9,02 kg/ha para cada 1% de IF, para a densidade de lesões variaram de 13,34 a 127,4 kg/ha/1 lesão/cm 2 e para densidade urédias variaram de 5,53 a 110,0 kg/ha/1 uredia/cm 2 .
The fungus Pyricularia sp., the causal agent of wheat blast, produces light, dry and hyaline conidia that can be removed from sporulating lesions by the wind and transported over long distances. Experiments were performed with the aim of (a) determining the relationship between the climate variables and the quantity of conidia of Pyricularia sp., and (b) obtaining technical data that can be used in the elaboration of blast forecasting models. From February 2nd, 2013 to June 7th, 2014, the number of Pyricularia sp. conidia in the air was monitored by using a spore trap and glass slides smeared with vaseline. Several climate variables were hourly recorded during the spore capturing period. The data were explored based on classification trees and relationships between the weather-based predictors and the number of trapped conidia day-1. The strongest predictors were mean relative humidity, daily mean temperature, precipitation lower than 5 mm day-1, and number of hours when temperature was between 15 and 35 °C and relative humidity > 93%.
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