Resumen. Las falsas informaciones a través de los medios de comunicación no son un fenómeno novedoso. Sin embargo, el acceso a internet y la configuración y el uso de herramientas tan útiles como las redes sociales potencian la polarización y la confrontación, primando un análisis emocional e impreciso de los hechos. Se presenta un trabajo de revisión teórica que tiene como objetivo fundamental detallar los principales mecanismos psicológicos que operan en el procesamiento de las falsas informaciones centrándonos de un modo específico en la hipótesis del razonamiento motivado, los sesgos cognitivos y la teoría del proceso dual.Abstract. False informations through the media are not a novel phenomenon. However, access to Internet, its settings, and a usage of useful tools such as social media promote the polarization and comparison, taking precedence an emotional and ambiguous analysis of facts. A theoretical review is presented with the main goal to detail the principal psychological mechanisms that operate in the processing of false information, focusing in a specific way in the motivated reasoning hypothesis, cognitive bias and dual-process theory.
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