Abstract In this observational study, using the Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Study, we aimed to 1) report the magnitude of health loss due to noncommunicable neurological disorders in the United States in 2017 by sex, age, years, and States, and 2) to identify noncommunicable neurological disorders attributable environmental, metabolic, and behavioral risk factors. We provide estimates of the burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders by reporting disability-adjusted life-years and their trends from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in the US. The non-communicable neurological disorders include migraines, tension-type headaches, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, motor neuron diseases, and other neurological disorders. In 2017, the global burdens of noncommunicable neurological disorders were 1444.41 per 100,000, compared to the United States burden of 1574.0. Migraine was the leading age standardized disability-adjusted life-years 704.7 per 100,000, with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (41.8.7), and epilepsy (123.8) taking the second and third places, respectively. Between 1990 and 2017, the age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for aggregate noncommunicable neurological disorders relative to all cause increased by 3.42%. More specifically, this value for motor neuron diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis increase by 20.9, 4%, 2.47.3%, and 1.65, respectively. In 2017, the age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for the aggregate noncommunicable neurological disorders was significantly higher in females than the males (1843.5 vs. 1297.3 per 100,000), respectively. The age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates for migraine were the largest in both females (968.8) and males was (432.5) compared to other individual noncommunicable neurological disorders. In the same year, the leading noncommunicable neurological disorders age standardized disability-adjusted life-years rates among children ≤ 9 was epilepsy (216.4 per 100,000). Among the adults aged 35-60 years it was migraine (5792.0 per 100,000), and among the aged 65 and above was Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias (78800.1 per 100,000). High body mass index, smoking, high fasting plasma glaucous, and alcohol use were the attributable age standardized disability-adjusted life-years risks for aggregate, and individual noncommunicable neurological disorders. Despite efforts to decrease the burden of noncommunicable neurological disorders in the US, they continue to burden the health of the population. Children are most vulnerable to epilepsy-related health burden, adolescents and young adults to migraine, and elderly to Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias and epilepsy. In all, the most vulnerable populations to noncommunicable neurological disorders are females, young adults, and the elderly.

Proposito. Describir una intervención de murales implementadas con comunidad envecindarios Latinos para elevar conciencia de barreras delreclutamiento/retención de Latinos en EE. UU. en la investigación clínica,y aumentar acceso de los investigadores a conceptos de sensibilización críticos para el riguroso diseño de estudios. Fondo. Latinos en EE. UU. sufren desproporcionada de varias enfermedadescrónicas, pero son subrepresentados como investigadores y participantesen investigaciones financiadas por Institutos Nacionales de Salud. Faltade representación inhibe conciencia de necesidades Latinas para la saludy obstaculiza esfuerzos para abordar la falta de equidad en comunidadesdiversas. Las intervenciones de arte en comunidades Latinas siguensiendo reconocidas por capacidad a cerrar brechas e incrementar lacalidad y cantidad de asociaciones de investigación entre investigadores y Latinos. Método. Este artículo describe una intervención de murales puesta a prueba endos vecindarios mayormente Latinos entre 2016 y 2020. El método deldiseño fue guiado por prácticas de investigación participativas con lacomunidad enfocadas en Evaluación-Diagnóstico Planificación- Implementación-Evaluación. Resultados. Los murales abordaron muchos desafíos de participación que a menudo se asocian con la subrepresentación de los Latinos en la investigación académica y permitió entrevistas de sensibilización con miembros clave de la comunidad sobre temas de interés para investigación. Conclusión. Los métodos de investigación que reconocen las formas de arte tradicionales, como murales, crean espacio para generar confianza e iniciar interés en la participación en investigaciones, y aumentan acceso

Purpose To describe a mural-based intervention that can be implemented in partnership with community members in Latino neighborhoods in order to improve awareness of barriers to recruitment/retention of U.S. Latinos in clinical research, while augmenting researchers’ access to sensitizing concepts critical for rigorous study design. Background. Latinos in the United States suffer disproportionately from several chronic illnesses but are under-represented as researchers and participants in the National Institutes of Health–funded research. This lack of representation inhibits a nuanced awareness of the health needs of U.S. Latinos and hampers efforts to address a persistent lack of health equity among U.S. Latinos and other communities of color. Art-based interventions implemented in Latino communities are increasingly being recognized for their ability to bridge this gap and positively affect the quality and quantity of research partnerships between clinical researchers and U.S. Latinos. Method This article describes a mural-based intervention piloted in two predominantly Latino neighborhoods between 2016 and 2020. The design of this method was guided by community-partnered participatory research practices and involved an Assessment–Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Evaluation approach. Results Mural painting addressed many of the participation challenges often associated with under-representation of Latinos in academic research and allowed for sensitizing interviews with key community members surrounding topics of interest to the research team. Conclusion Research methods that acknowledge traditional art forms, such as mural painting, create a space for building trust and spark interest in future research participation, while augmenting researchers’ access to sensitizing concepts that may improve the cultural competence of future studies, projects, and interventions.

Purpose To describe a mural-based intervention that can be implemented in partnership with community members in Latino neighborhoods in order to improve awareness of barriers to recruitment/retention of U.S. Latinos in clinical research, while augmenting researchers’ access to sensitizing concepts critical for rigorous study design. Background Latinos in the United States suffer disproportionately from several chronic illnesses but are underrepresented as researchers and participants in National Institutes of Health–funded research. This lack of representation inhibits a nuanced awareness of the health needs of U.S. Latinos and hampers efforts to address a persistent lack of health equity among U.S. Latinos and other communities of color. Art-based interventions implemented in Latino communities are increasingly being recognized for their ability to bridge this gap and positively affect the quality and quantity of research partnerships between clinical researchers and U.S. Latinos. Method This article describes a mural-based intervention piloted in two predominantly Latino neighborhoods between 2016 and 2020. The design of this method was guided by community partnered participatory research practices and involved an Assessment–Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Evaluation approach. Results Mural painting addressed many of the participation challenges often associated with underrepresentation of Latinos in academic research and allowed for sensitizing interviews with key community members surrounding topics of interest to the research team. Conclusion Research methods that acknowledge traditional art forms, such as mural painting, create a space for building trust and spark interest in future research participation, while augmenting researchers’ access to sensitizing concepts that may improve the cultural competence of future studies, projects, and interventions.