Obesity is has become a major problem worldwide. Since 1975, the prevalence of obesity nearly trippled, and nowadays we are facing an obesity epidemic. Obesity is a major risk factor for many diseases such as cardiovascular ones (mainly heart disease and stroke) -being the leading cause of death worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most widespread inflammatory rheumatic disease with about 10% of all rheumatic diseases and a global prevalence of about 1%. Through its features - joint proliferation, articular panic, articular cartilage degradation and bone erosion � RA has a destructive and disabling character and a major socio-economic impact. Osteoporosis is a bone system disease characterized by loss of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture, with consequences on bone fragility correlated with an increased fracture risk. With a major socio-economic impact, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared osteoporosis as a public health problem, third on cardiovascular and oncological.

Cardiovascular risk means the degree of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular pathology, predictable by quantifying the risk factors (RF) existing in each individual. Global cardio-metabolic risk is the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or CVD, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which is due to a bundle of risk factors. The cardio-metabolic risk is based on the concept of continuous risk. The importance of cardiovascular / cardio-metabolic risk is particular because controlling its components may affect atherogenesis and its clinical consequences: chronic ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arteriopathy, but also diabetes mellitus (DM). Currently there is no method to use all the known risk cardio-metabolic factors to quantify cardiovascular risk or diabetes risk.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease which represents a major issue for public health. Type 1 diabetes is occurred most frequently in childhood and adolescence, although in recent years due to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in this category of population has been registered a growing number of cases of type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents (1, 2).

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined as a complex entity that involves the accumulation of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors represented by: abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia [1]. The presence of MS correlates with the risk of cardiovascular disease in people without diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as those with type 2 DM [2-8].Visceral adipose tissue is an active metabolic organ and abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorder present in MS [9,10,11], associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in children, adolescents and adults [12-15]. Our findings have shown an association of visceral adiposity index (VAI) with MS in both men and women with prediabetes and diabetes, these findings allow us to conclude that VAI is a simple but effective indicator for estimating the presence of MS among adults.