Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a common infection in developing countries. HEV infection occurs as outbreaks, as sporadic clinical cases and as large epidemics in endemic areas. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of HEV infection in patients with clinical suspicion of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, referred to the Instituto Nacional de Higiene "Rafael Rangel" in Venezuela. Seventy-four sera were tested for anti-HAV and anti-HEV IgM antibodies. HEV-RNA was amplified from anti-HEV IgM positive sera using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for ORF1 (RNA dependent RNA polymerase region) and the amplicons sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was 22/74 (30%) in the samples tested. Dual infection with HAV and HEV was found in 31% (12/39) of anti-HAV IgM positive patients. Viremia was detected in 3/22 (14%) of sera positive for anti-HEV IgM. Two HEV strains were classified as genotype 1 and one as genotype 3, which were closely related to Yam 67 (north of India) and US1 isolates from the USA, respectively. These findings suggest that HEV is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in Venezuela as a single infection or co-infection with HAV, with high morbidity in children and young adults suggesting that this infection is endemic in Venezuela.
Los trastornos de ansiedad son los problemas emocionales con mayor prevalencia enla etapa de Educación Infantil, afectando a un 10-20% de la población en estas edades,siendo persistentes en el tiempo y predictores de problemas posteriores. Es por ello queel presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la presencia de ansiedad en un grupo deestudiantes, tanto desde la perspectiva de las familias como del docente. Para llevar acabo el estudio se ha utilizado la Escala de Ansiedad de Spence en un aula con 19 estudiantesde 3 y 4 años en su versión para familias y para docentes. Los resultados obtenidosindican bajo nivel de acuerdo entre los datos observados desde ambas perspectivas,habiendo acuerdo en cuanto a las subescalas de Ansiedad Social y Miedo por la IntegridadFísica. Además, solamente se han observado puntuaciones por encima de la mediaen lo observado por las familias. Se concluye la importancia de una detección tempranay de la comunicación familia-escuela.
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