OBJETIVO: Analisar as práticas precoces de alimentação e o tipo de dieta de prematuros na alta hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo, a partir de uma coorte retrospectiva de dois anos, com 203 prematuros com peso menor que 1 500g, na maternidade do Hospital Geral de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes práticas: dias para início de dieta enteral, dias para atingir a dieta enteral plena, dias para início e tempo de uso de nutrição parenteral e o tipo de dieta na alta hospitalar. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio para início de dieta enteral foi de 6,5 dias (IC95% 6,0-7,2), enquanto para atingir a dieta enteral plena levou-se, em média, 18,9 dias (IC95% 17,6-20,3). A média de dias para início de nutrição parenteral foi de 2,8 dias (IC95% 2,6-3,0) e o tempo de uso de nutrição parenteral foi de 10,8 dias (IC95% 9,7-11,9). As práticas se associaram, sendo encontrada a maior correlação entre dias para atingir dieta plena e dias de uso de nutrição parenteral (Pearson=0,69). Quanto menor o peso de nascimento, maior o tempo para início de dieta enteral, para atingir a dieta enteral plena e de uso de nutrição parenteral. Para o início de nutrição parenteral, não foi observada esta tendência. Na alta, o tipo de dieta mais freqüente foi o aleitamento complementado (61,6%), seguido da alimentação artificial (26,1%) e do aleitamento materno exclusivo (12,3%). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo revelou que há demora em iniciar a alimentação de prematuros. A proporção total de aleitamento na alta foi de 74%. Esforços merecem ser envidados para alimentar precocemente e promover o aleitamento materno nestes pacientes.
Objective: To describe the frequency, clinical profile and treatment of patients with urolithiasis in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of a public state hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Methods: Retrospective study. Data from pediatric patients (age: 1 month - 18 years) with urolithiasis admitted between January/2012 and December/2014 were reviewed from hospital charts. The studied variables were: demographic and anthropometric data, clinical status, family history of urolithiasis, urinary tract infection and use of lithogenic drugs, diagnostic procedures, associated abnormalities, metabolic disorders, treatment and recurrence.Results: The frequency of urolithiasis was 13.6%. Main characteristics of the patients: male gender, white race, eutrophy, aged between 5 and 10 years, family history of urolithiasis, previous urinary infection and spontaneous stone passage. Abdominal and flank pain and macroscopic hematuria were the most common complaints. The most frequent metabolic disorders were hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia. Hypocitraturia was associated with previous urinary infection (p=0.004). Abdomen/urinary tract ultrasonography was the most commonly used diagnostic test. Hydronephrosis occurred in 54.4% of the cases, 81.1% of the stones were in the kidneys, and bilateral stones were associated to a family history of urolithiasis (p=0.030). Recurrence rate was 29.3% (most patients had a metabolic disorder). In 12.3%, the patients underwent lithotripsy, 24.5% were surgically treated (mainly pyelolithotomy), and only 7.6% had their stones analyzed (calcium oxalate was the main finding in the examined stones).Conclusions: The frequency of urolithiasis in these pediatric patients was similar to that reported by the literature. A metabolic evaluation is required and the composition of stones should be better evaluated.
Objective: To correlative the invasive care procedures applied to very-low-birth-weight infants with the occurrence of neonatal sepsis. Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study undertaken through the investigation of secondary data between 2008 and 2012. The infants' characteristics were analyzed by means of the Mann-Whitney test (means) and the chi-square test to compare frequencies. All variables with significance of p<0.20 in the bivariate analysis were included in a logistic regression model. Results: The data demonstrated fourteen infants with an episode of late sepsis. The mean gestational age was 30 weeks. Female gender and cesarean birth were the most frequent. The birth weight and the use of an arterial umbilical catheter explained the occurrence of sepsis, offering an 8.5 times higher risk for the outcome. Conclusion: Vascular accesses need start insertion and handling techniques to improve the health indicators. ResumoObjetivo: Correlacionar os procedimentos assistenciais invasivos realizados nos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso com a ocorrência de sepse neonatal. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, longitudinal, por meio de pesquisa de dados secundários, durante os anos de 2008-2012. As características dos recém-nascidos foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney (médias) e o teste do qui quadrado para comparação de frequências. Todas as variáveis com significância de p<0,20 na análise bivariada compuseram um modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Os dados demonstraram quatorze recém-nascidos com episódio de sepse tardia. A idade gestacional média foi de trinta semanas. Gênero feminino e parto cesáreo foram os mais frequentes. O peso de nascimento e o uso do cateter umbilical arterial explicaram a ocorrência de sepse, tendo este oferecido 8,5 vezes maior risco para o desfecho. Conclusão: Acessos vasculares necessitam rigor nas técnicas de inserção e manuseio para a melhoria dos indicadores de saúde.
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