The aim of the study was to examine articles published on risk factors associated with early failure of dental implants. We conducted a search on PubMed for articles published between January 2000 and December 2009 using the keywords 'dental implants' and 'early failure'. Seven studies that specified the number of early failed implants and studied the associated risk factors were included. Early failures are caused by the inability of tissue to establish osseointegration prior to prosthetic restoration; however the causal factors and mechanisms are unclear. In the reviewed literature there was a higher percentage of early than late failures; nevertheless, few articles were found that analyzed risk factors associated with early implant failure. In the majority of studies, statistically significant factors associated with early implant failure were smoking, quantity and quality of bone, and posterior implant location. The low number of studies in the literature does not allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.

Objective: To present a large series of oral haemangiomas in children, analyzing the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of oral haemangiomas in 28 children. Material and Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective study, reviewing medical records with clinical diagnosis of haemangioma between 1990 and 2006 at the Children's Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Hospital Universitario la Fe, Valencia. All patients with a clinical, radiographic, pathologically confirmed diagnosis of oral haemangioma were included. Results: The study included 28 patients (19 females and 9 males) with a mean age of 4.27 years (range 0-14 years). Nine were congenital haemangioma. The most frequent location of oral haemangioma was in the lip with 23 cases, followed by three cases in the tongue and 2 in the buccal mucosa. The mean diameter of the lesion was 1.67 cm (range 1-3cm). The mean duration of the lesion was 6.3 months (range 1 month to 5 years). Of the 28 haemangiomas, 13 were surgically removed, 2 were treated with embolization and 13 disappeared spontaneously. The mean follow up was 2.7 months (1-8 months). There were no cases of recurrence. Conclusions: Haemangiomas usually present in children, and can be seen from birth. They have a predilection for females. They are uncommon in the oral cavity. In the oral region, the most common location is the lip. Most congenital haemangioma regress spontaneously without treatment. The treatment of choice is surgical excision of the lesion.

The aim was to carry out a literature review of preoperative radiographic signs in orthopantomography (OPG) and computed tomography (CT) related with the risk of inferior alveolar nerve damage during the surgical extraction of lower third molar (LTM). A search was made on PubMed for literature published between the years 2000 and 2009. In the reviewed literature, radiographic signs in the OPG that indicate a relationship between the LTM and the inferior alveolar canal are considered a risk factor for nerve damage. These signs are darkening and deflection of the root, and diversion and interruption in the white line of the canal. In the majority of these studies, the routine use of CT is not justified, and is only recommended when radiographic signs appear in the OPG that demonstrate a direct anatomical relationship between the LTM and the canal. In the CT, the absence of cortical bone in the canal implies a contact between the root of the LTM and the canal, and is related with the presence of some radiographic signs in the OPG. Some studies demonstrate that despite the absence of cortical bone, the risk of lesion or exposure of the nerve during the extraction of LTM was low.

The aim of this study was to review irritative and sensory disturbances following placement of dental implants. A literature search was made of PubMed for articles published between 2000 and 2010. Studies that reported sensory disturbances directly caused by the placement of dental implants were included. Sensory deficits or trigeminal neuropathy are caused by damage to the third branch of the trigeminal nerve during surgery. This manifests in the immediate postoperative period as a sensory deficit not usually associated with pain and generally transient. The literature reviewed reported irritative and sensory disturbances caused during surgery, after surgery, and as a result of complications. Postoperative pain appears after oral surgery as a result of inflammation associated with damage to tissue during surgery. Pain due to postoperative complications following implant placement was classified as neurogenic pain, peri-implant pain and bone pain.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of 8 orofacial dermoid cysts (DC) in pediatric patients. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was made, reviewing the medical records with clinical diagnosis of dermoid cyst between 1987 and 2006 in the Children's Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. The following data were collected: sex, age, location, size and duration of the lesion, treatment, length of follow-up, and recurrence. Results: Eight patients (3 girls and 5 boys) with a mean age of 2.7 years (range 0-12 years). Four DC were located in the oral area (3 sublingual and 1 lingual), one in the periorbital and three in the nasal areas. The size ranged from 0.8 cm to 4 cm. The mean duration of the lesion was 13.7 months (range 4 days to 2 years). All DC were diagnosed pathologically following surgical removal of the lesion. There were no recurrences. Conclusion: The appearance of DC in the maxillofacial region of pediatric patients is uncommon. The floor of the mouth is the most frequently affected area in the oral cavity. Treatment is surgical removal of the lesion. Recurrence is unusual.