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Objectives: To evaluate the awareness of interns, post graduates and general dental practitioners on antibiotic prescribing for endodontic conditions. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted among 20 General Dental Practitioners, 40 Postgraduate students and 60 Interns of Mamata Dental College, Khammam. Questionnaire consisted a total of 20 questions.It recorded general information such as dental school where they were graduated, number of patients seen each working day, number of endodontic emergency patients and awareness of available antibiotic prescribing guidelines for endodontic therapies. Results: Amoxicillin was the most prescribed antibiotic for patients without allergic towards penicillin.The first choice for patients allergic towards penicillin was clindamycin. The combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was considered to be the first antibiotic of choice for more serious acute apical abscess cases, including life threatening conditions. General dental practitioners were aware of the guidelines for prescribing antibiotics for endodontic conditions when compared to the post graduate students and interns. Conclusion:The dental professionals should be aware of rationalization of antibiotic use and antibiotic prescription for endodontic infections, consequences of their overuse and antibiotic resistance.

AIM: This in-vitro study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of passive ultrasonic irrigation in endodontic retreatment with and without solvent using a stereomicroscopeMATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 50 extracted maxillary lateral incisors were obturated with gutta-percha and AH plus sealer. Retreatment was done with or without using solvent and either with syringe irrigation or passive ultrasonic irrigation. The roots were split longitudinally and were observed under a stereomicroscope. All the specimens were evaluated for the presence of residual lling material. The data were analyzed by One way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc was used for intergroup comparison.RESULTS: Passive ultrasonic irrigation subgroup without using Xylene as a solvent group showed better, cleaner canals than with Xylene as a solvent group, and similarly syringe irrigation group without solvent showed better cleaner canals than with Xylene as a solvent group.CONCLUSION: Both ultrasonic and syringe irrigation showed cleaner canals when Xylene was not used. Hence, Xylene should be utilized only when mechanical methods fail to achieve retrieval of Guttapercha in retreatment cases.