Nowadays, fingerprint biometrics is widely used in various applications, varying from forensic investigations and migration control to access control as regards security sensitive environments. Any biometric system is potentially vulnerable against a fake biometric characteristic, and spoofing of fingerprint systems is one of the most widely researched areas. The state-of-the-art sensors can often be spoofed by an accurate imitation of the ridge/valley structure of a fingerprint. An individual may also try to avoid identification by altering his own fingerprint pattern. This study is a survey of presentation attack detection methods for fingerprints, both in terms of liveness detection and alteration detection.

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We propose a technique for analysis of fingerprints scanned free-air (not pressed against a glass) with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Fingerprints from the surface and subdermal parts of the finger are extracted from a 2GB volumetric scan in cca. 2 s using our specialized technique and GPU acceleration on GeForce GTX 980. The technique provides fingerprints that perform with promising error rates that demonstrate the potential of the OCT for improved fingerprint identification, as well as its potential for prevention of biometric spoofing (PAD).