<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; layout-grid-mode: char; text-justify: inter-ideograph; tab-stops: 14.2pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">In this paper, we propose a cross-layer design which combines adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol at the data link layer to minimize the packet error rate (PER) and maximize the spectral efficiency. By using Markov model to predict the channel condition</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> of next frame</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> according to the second order statistics characteristics of the former frame, we calculate the conditional probability density function and joint probability density function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). Further, we derive the packet error rate and average spectral efficiency in closed-form for transmission over Nakagami-m fading channels.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Numerical results </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">show</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> that the proposed scheme can </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">obtain</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> lower PER and higher spectral efficiency</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> c</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">ompared with traditional HARQ protocol</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">s.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> The cross-layer design scheme combing type-III HARQ with AMC can achieve the highest spectral efficiency and the lowest PER than type-I HARQ and type-II HARQ.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.