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Nitrogen and lanthanum co-doped titania photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel process with urea and lanthanum nitrate doping precursors and characterized by various techniques including XRD, FTIR, TEM, EDS, and UV-Vis DRS. The average crystallite size was ca. 12-15 nm as calculated from XRD patterns, and anatase was the dominant crystalline type in the as-prepared samples. The UV-Vis DRS of the samples revealed significant absorption within the range of 400-500 nm. The optimum composition of N(0.020)La(0.012)TiO 2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution under simulated sunlight. The percent degradation of MO was ca. 97% for N(0.020)-La(0.012)TiO 2 under simulated sunlight irradiation for 9 h. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of the nitrogen and lanthanum co-doping.

Pd/SBA-15 was synthesised through the reduction of PdCl2 by surface bonded vinyl. The catalyst was effective for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds under mild conditions.