The aim of this study is to compare according to different positions the mean right and left knee Q angle of footballers and wrestlers. In this study, found the female soccer and wrestlers mean age 20.51 ± 3.47 years, height 165.43 ± 4.82 cm, weight 58.23 ± 5.18 kg. Male soccer and wrestlers has with mean age 21.30 ± 3.45 years, height 173.28 ± 5.45 cm, weight 65.66 ± 5.73 kg. One-way ANOVA, Student t, and Duncan post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. In this study, found that the mean right and left knee Q angles of male athletes were 15.08 ± 1.79° and 14.49 ± 1.82° for the standing position, 14.26 ± 1.84° and 13.29 ± 1.82° for the supine position.The mean right and left knee Q angles of Female athletes were 18.11 ± 1.32° and 17.90 ± 1.35° for the standing position, 17.52 ± 1.36°and 16.82 ± 1.29° for the supine position. In this study, were found abnormal results. The difference between the Q angle values of footballers and wrestlers was found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). The Q angle values for male soccer players were found 15.35 for standing right Q angle and 15.12 degrees for standing left Q angle and same values 14.80 and 13.86 degrees in the male wrestlers. Q angle values for women footballers were found 17.32 decrees for standing right Q angle and 17.22 degrees for standing left Q angle, and same values 18.90 and 18.58 degrees in the women wrestlers. Standing and supine Q angle values of Wrestlers in both men and women were found to be wider than the Q angle values of soccer athletes (p<0.001). The right Q- angle values of the athletes in the standing and supine position were found higher than the left Q-angle values (p <0.05).Conclusion: The Q angles were within the normal range for footballers and wrestlers. In standing positions Q angle is higher than from supine positions Q angle. Athlete's sex, pelvic width, tibia and femur length and dominant foot may increase the quadriceps Q angle.

The aim of this study was to determinate the effects of 12 weeks pilates and aerobic exercise on blood pressure, heart rates, and blood serum lipids in sedentary females. 18 sedentary women with an average age of 45.52 years, height of 161.14 cm and weight of 72.5 kg have been selected and put through a plates and aerobic exercise programmer one hour a day for three days a week. Exercises in each training session were arranged in such a way as to make each woman’s heart rate to reach a level of 130-140 a minute. The waist and hip circumferences were measured using a measuring tape. BMI and waist hip ratio were calculated by standard formulas. Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were determined by Hitachi 717 auto analyzer. Analysis was performed on SPSS 21 version. Paired-t tests were done statistical analysis. Body Weight found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 72.5 kg and after 63.8 kg. At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease of %12.00 in body weight, %14.03 in systolic, %3.96 in diastolic, %13.85 in cholesterol, %25.30 in Triglyceride, and %22.33 in LDL-C have been registered. However, there were increases of %16.34 in HDL-C. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C and total cholesterol since (p<0.01). At the end of the 12 weeks exercise program, a decrease %13.34 hip circumference and %4.19 waist circumference. Waist to hip ratio found before 12 weeks plates and aerobic exercise 0.87 cm and after 0.78 cm. The effects of aerobic exercise is on Body weight, Systolic blood pressure, Heart rate, hip and waist circumference since (p<0.05; p<0.01). In this study, together Pilates and aerobic exercise was effective in sedentary women with initially high total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Low density lipoprotein levels. At end of the cycles of 12 weeks Pilates and aerobic exercises, has a positive effect of waist to hip ratio, blood pressure, and heart beats in sedentary females. Risk of heart and vascular disease is reduced. Pilates and aerobic exercises are recommended for decrease risk.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of multiple sprints on average speed and exercise heart rate of U18 female and U18 male amateur soccer players. In this study, totally 42 amateur soccer players including U18 (n= 21) and U18 (n=21) players performed 7 repetitive sprints of 34.2 meters with a 25 seconds jog of 50 meters distance. During exercise and recovery period, heart rate per minute was recorded by Polar Heart Rate Telemetry. In statistical analyzes, t-tests were used in two groups comparisons, while the effects of other variables on average speed and cardiovascular parameters were determined by two way analyzes of variance.Results of this study, U18 male players’ average speed of 5.14 m/ sec is higher than the U18 female players’ average speed of 4.62 m/sec. The physical characteristics of U18 male and U18 female amateur soccer players were different in favors of the U18 male players, and that gender was significantly effective on the average speed rather than the number of sprints.  Heart rate per minute has continually increased in different characteristics at the start, finish and recovery periods of the sprints until the finish of the seventh sprint in both amateur U18 male and U18 female. It found increase in the Sprint time were as follows; U18 female 0.40 sec and U18 male 0.20 second. Decrease in the average speed was U18 female 0.28 sec., and U18 male 0.15 second.Conclusion, in multiple speed tests, maximum and average speed of the U18 amateur female and male soccer players, the decrease rate in their speed and their cardiovascular responses show differences. In U18 Amateur, males seem to be faster and have the ability of keeping speed at a high level, and the ability of intensity and recovery in maximal level in a short time than the females.  In the Bangsbo test, the recovery time in men should be less than 25 seconds.