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This study examines the relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, income, energy consumption, trade openness, financial development and institutional quality based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in 151 countries for the period 1996-2010, using the pooled ordinary least squares methods. The results support cubic specification of the EKC hypothesis, which assumes a cubic polynomial inverted-U shaped relationship between income and environmental degradation. Other empirical results indicate that energy consumption, trade openness, financial development and institutional quality are significant variables in explaining CO2 emissions. er activities or less polluting activities gradually would occur in economic structure (composition effect). As a wealthy nation can afford to spend more on R&D, technological progress occurs with economic growth. So, the dirty and obsolete technologies are replaced by new and cleaner technology. Environmental quality along with the increase in the capacity of higher income countries to face this technological substitution improves (technique effect) (Soumyananda Dinda 2004; Matias Piaggio and Emilio Padilla 2012).As can be understood from this transition mechanism, the process produced the inverted-U shape for the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and environmental degradation and it has provoked a vast empirical research over the last decade.The aim of this paper is to examine the empirical relationship between economic growth and the environment at different stages of economic development. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 1 outlines the previous literature, Section 2 discusses the data set and the methodology and presents the empirical findings and Section 3 is the concluding part of the paper.

This study aims to test triplet deficit hypothesis which refers to simultaneous existence of savings deficit, budget deficit and current actions deficit within the general functioning of an economy for Turkey. The study benefits from the data between the years of 1980 and 2013 and uses Co-integration and Granger causality tests to analyze triplet deficit hypothesis forTurkey. The results demonstrate that current deficit affect savings deficit and budget deficit one way. Also a two-way interaction between savings deficit and budget deficit was found and triple deficit hypothesis was found to be valid.

In this research, the relationship between income inequality and the KOF index of globalization is determined using panel data covering G7 countries 1970-2010. This study applying Kónya (2006)'s bootstrap panel Granger causality test, which takes into account cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity simultaneously, analyzes the impact of globalization on income inequality in terms of economic, social, political and overall dimensions among examined countries. Empirical results indicate one-way causality from economic globalization to income inequality in Canada and France, two-way causality between economic globalization to income inequality in only the UK; one-way causality from social globalization to income inequality in France and the UK; one-way causality from political globalization to income inequality in only France. When analyzing the causality between the aggregate globalization and income inequality, it is observed that overall globalization positively causes income inequality in Canada and the UK and negatively in France, while in the case of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA there is no empirical evidence of causality between globalization indices and income inequality in either direction.