Endoscopic resection is a widely accepted method of treating early laryngeal malignancies. Accurate histological assessment of resected laryngeal specimens can be difficult due to their small size and potential damage and distortion caused by standard orientation and processing techniques. A new technique is described which employs dehydrated cucumber to mount laryngeal specimens for orientation and processing. This technique is quick, easy, cheap and reliable, allowing accurate histological assessment of potentially malignant lesions. Better orientating and processing of laryngeal specimens can optimise treatment decisions based on histological results.

Lesions of the corpus callosum have the potential to interfere with a neurologically impaired individual's ability to function in day-to-day activities, since the corpus callosum is important for a number of higher-order activities that involve information transfer between the left and right hemispheres. Even in normal individuals, callosal lesions may lead to apraxia, agraphia, and even an alien hand syndrome whereby the person is unable to control the actions of a hand. It is easy to envisage that callosal damage could compound cognitive symptoms in individuals with dementia. However, despite the common presence of apraxia in dementia, physicians and other healthcare providers rarely focus on callosalfunction in dementia patients. The current manuscript compares pathological data from a variety of patients with dementia with age-matched control subjects showing callosal gliosis in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We conclude that callosal gliosis is not uncommon, particularly in patients with AD and FTD. Given the severity of this pathology in some cases, we cannot exclude the possibility that it is clinically relevant. Clinical implications are discussed, and it is recommended that further studies be done to determine whether there is a relevant clinical correlate.

No abstract

We present a case of a 51-year-old woman with urinary urgency, frequency, and lower abdominal pain; she was found to have an anterior vaginal wall mass on examination. Ultrasound and computerized tomography revealed a complex solid cystic mass. Transvaginal partial cystectomy was performed; histologic examination revealed hamartoma of the urinary bladder.

correct on the questions drawn from uWISE was 54.3% compared with 78.2% on the same questions taken by third-year students (P,.0001). Similar results were found when examined by field: obstetrics 54.2% compared with 78.4% (P,.0001), gynecology 51.7% compared with 79.4% (P,.0001), and office-based practice 57.3% compared with 76.8% (P,.0001).