autores mais citados foram Baumrind (1966Baumrind ( , 1971, seguido por Maccoby e Martin (1983) e Darling e Steinberg (1983). Após várias leituras do material completo definimos três temas: a) conjunto de práticas que afetam o desenvolvimento (34% dos artigos); b) práticas educativas e saúde (28% dos artigos); c) contexto afetando as práticas parentais (38% dos artigos). A descrição do corpo reunido por tema permite apontar: a) é comum o uso de práticas parentais coercitivas, inclusive a punição física, sendo associada com problemas de adaptação, comportamento, ajustamento emocional e baixa autoestima; b) o aumento da obesidade infantil é foco de várias pesquisas, que sugerem que o uso de práticas inadequadas, relacionadas aos estilos autoritário, negligente e indulgente propicia a obesidade infantil; c) os treinamentos para pais foram impulsionados por questões diversas -deficiência de desenvolvimento, ajustamento comportamental e emocional da criança talentosa e/ou superdotada, crianças diagnosticadas com obesidade, ansiedade, problemas de aprendizagem, de comportamento e de conduta -e foram unânimes em constatar ótimos resultados para pais e filhos; d) vários estudos correlacionais enfocam as questões das diferenças relativas à culturas e etnias, sendo sugerido que o estilo parental autoritativo de Baumrind (1966), considerado como o mais adequado a partir de estudos com norte americanos descendentes de europeus, não poderia ser considerado desta forma em outros contextos. Conclusão: através da revisão sistemática integrativa percebemos que os estudos com foco nas práticas que afetam o desenvolvimento investigam continuamente as práticas disciplinares coercitivas, que as práticas relacionadas à saúde voltam-se para problemáticas e demandas atuais e que a tipologia dos estilos parentais de Baumrind vem sendo questionada e investigada para melhor utilização em diversas culturas e etnias.Palavras-chave: estilos parentais; práticas parentais; práticas educativas; revisão sistemática. Perform a systematic search and critical review of the literature on parenting styles and practices, aiming at pointing out guidelines to assist researchers, psychologists, and parents.Method: Integrative systematic literature review. We used the following guiding question "What has been studied and published on parenting styles and practices that could guide researchers, psychologists, and parents?" We chose "parenting style" AND "parenting practices" as keywords, and SciELO, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Web of Science as databases. We chose journal articles published between early 2006 and late 2010, and studies on practices with children aged 2 to 12 years. The complete body of research comprised 67full-text articles to be analyzed. We used Microsoft Access to create a database that permitted to perform group analyses of the material from several tables created automatically and according to the researcher's preference. Later, an exhaustive reading of the articles was performed aimed at analyzing their contributions. Results: We r...
The transition between the two cycles of Elementary School is a process with anticipations and expectations in the 5th as well as demands and adaptations in the 6th year. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the transition taking into account the nature of the transition. A prospective study was carried out with two data collections (5th and 6th grade). A total of 379 public-school students (212 girls), with a mean age of 10.6 years (SD = 0.91), were enrolled at the beginning of the study. The instruments used were Brazil Test, Child Stress Scale, Social Skills Assessment System, Self-Concept Assessment Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children. When comparing the two grades, children who did not change schools showed more stability, especially in academic self-concept; those enrolled in municipal schools showed a greater decrease in self-concept and satisfaction with life. School change seems to increase the demands of transition.
Introduction: Recent studies on the life satisfaction in children and young people have investigated its association with vulnerability, discrimination, the individual's school environment and network of relationships, and mental health. The growing interest in the area demands instruments with good psychometric properties. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Children (MLSS-C). Method: The participants were 379 elementary schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 (M = 10.5 years), enrolled in public schools in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The instruments used were the MLSS-C, the Self-Description Assessment Questionnaire 1 (SDQ1), the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS), and the Childhood Stress Scale (CSS). Two data collections were made, one in the fifth year of elementary school and one in the sixth. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to assess the structural model's goodness of fit. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability), test-retest reliability and the discriminant, convergent, and divergent validity were also assessed. Results: Regarding CFA, after removing items with saturation values below .50, six dimensions proposed by the authors remained, five of them with alpha values above .70. The construct validity was confirmed by finding moderate and positive correlations between life satisfaction and self-concept and social skills (convergent validity) and lower and negative correlation with childhood stress (divergent validity). Conclusion: Together, the reported results provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of this scale. It is suggested, therefore, that this scale is suitable for both research and practice with Brazilian schoolchildren.
There are several studies on the best way to raise a child, ie, what would be the consequences of our actions for our children. We tend to think of how to educate children in a traditional family, but society has undergone many changes and, hence, family structures have undergone changes too. Today, we find a large number of stepfamilies facing the same issues concerning how to educate a child. Stepfamily configuration often entails more than just the addition of a new parent figure. The objective of this study was to shed some light on how these stepfamilies deal with issues of parenting style and practices. We reviewed the Brazilian and international literature concerning parenting styles and practices in stepfamilies. The papers identified were organized and submitted to analysis. We identified very few papers addressing parenting styles and practices, pointing to an important but unaddressed social change as reflected in new family structures. There is a need for longitudinal studies aimed at understanding not only a particular moment in time, but also moments within a context, ie, an analysis with a holistic approach without preconceived ideas.
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