This study examined gender and developmental differences in exercise-related beliefs and exercise behaviors of 286 racially diverse youth and explored factors predictive of exercise. Compared to males, females reported less prior and current exercise, lower self-esteem, poorer health status, and lower exercise self-schema. Adolescents, in contrast to pre-adolescents, reported less social support for exercise and fewer exercise role models. In a path model, gender, the benefits/barriers differential, and access to exercise facilities and programs directly predicted exercise. Effects of grade, perceived health status, exercise self-efficacy, social support for exercise, and social norms for exercise on exercise behavior, were mediated through the benefits/barriers differential. Effect of race on exercise was mediated by access to exercise facilities and programs. Continued exploration of gender and developmental differences in variables influencing physical activity can yield valuable information for tailoring exercise promotion interventions to the unique needs of youth.

This systematic review of the effects of the flipped classroom approach for the education of health professions students did not reveal compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the method in improving academic outcomes above that of traditional classroom approaches.

The purpose of this study was to test the utility of a new instrument, the Child/Adolescent Activity Log (CAAL), designed to measure children's physical activities in a school setting efficiently, yet comprehensively. At baseline, 459 participants (mean age 12 + 1.4, 59% White, 34% African American, 7% other) were recruited to participate in a 2-year study focusing on patterns and predictions of physical activity at critical school transition points. The CAAL was administered daily for a 1-week period on 6 occasions to this cohort. From the CAAL, information about the pattern of specific activities chosen, average daily duration of activity, and average daily expenditure per kg body weight was obtained. The validity of the log was supported by its (1) correlation with Caltrac readings, (2) relation in the predicted direction with a single-item measure of typical level of physical activity and fitness indices, and (3) expected changes in exercise patterns over time and by gender. If future studies corroborate the psychometric properties and ease of administration of the CAAL, its utility in community-based studies is promising.

The purpose of this study was to revise the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test (OKT) and evaluate its reliability and validity. The original OKT, developed in the early 1990 s, needed updating based on current research. A convenience sample of 105 adults completed the draft revised OKT. A subsample (n = 27) completed the questionnaire 2 weeks later to determine stability. The sample was recruited from diverse sites in western and northern Michigan over a year. The 32-item Revised OKT (2012) demonstrated internal consistency (total scale Kuder-Richardson-20 = .85, Nutrition subscale = .83, and Exercise subscale = .81). Test-retest analysis resulted in a Pearson correlation coefficient of .87. Validity was evaluated by content validity. Questions were examined for difficulty, effectiveness of distracters, and discrimination. In addition, measures of point-biserial, internal consistency and stability were determined. The Revised OKT (2012) is a comprehensive instrument reflecting current research and assesses osteoporosis knowledge of adults.

This article addresses health behavior change program fidelity using the five components of fidelity from the National Institute of Aging's Behavior Change Consortia: fidelity in design, training, delivery, receipt, and enactment . Fidelity is a key issue in successful translational research projects into community settings. The authors examine four programs sponsored by the Administration on Aging that target health behavior change in physical activity (EnhanceFitness), chronic disease self-management (Partners on the PATH [Personal Action Toward Health]), fear of falling and falls prevention (Matter of Balance), and depression management (Healthy IDEAS). This article (a) describes the tools and strategies used by these projects to track and enhance fidelity to the core elements of the original intervention studies, (b) compares and contrasts each project's mechanisms of fidelity, (c) provides examples of fidelity outcomes, and (d) discusses themes and lessons learned that may be useful to others in developing the "next generation" of program translation.