Currently, there is no consensus regarding the benefits of physical activity in terms of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) among different age groups of children. The number of school students avoiding physical education is on the rise. Children of all ages spend more time on sedentary behavior, eat less nutritious food and spend less time sleeping. All of these concomitant aspects adversely affect the immune system. A coexisting problem of a growing society is a large number of URTIs which is the main reason for general practitioner intervention. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation between the frequency of respiratory tract infections and the level of physical exercise in a cohort of pre-school children. This will be a cross-sectional, short-term study conducted on a single study population. We aim to recruit four-, to seven-year-old children who will be receiving activity monitoring devices for 24 h a day for 40 days. Daily step count, mean intensity of physical exercise and sleep duration will be measured. Simultaneously, their parents will receive a series of 60 questionnaires, one questionnaire per day, for the daily assessment of upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms. Our study conducted on a cohort of healthy pre-school children using uniform tools, aims to scientifically establish and quantify the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes over a specified period of time.

Worse prognosis has been observed in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM), new-onset DM and transient hyperglycemia compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. Many studies concerning treatment results were, however, conducted during the thrombolytic era. Relatively little is known about the outcomes of patients with elevated glucose levels during hospitalization without previous DM diagnosis or patients with new-onset DM. Our study, therefore, enclosed two additional classifications for acute MI patients in regard to glycemia status during hospitalization. We evaluated a nationwide prospective cohort of over 58 thousand MI patients in terms of inhospital complications and long-term outcomes over a three-year period per different carbohydrate disorder type: DM type 1, DM type 2, new-onset DM and transient hyperglycemia. In contrast with previous publications, this article is not only limited to admission glucose levels but includes full glycemia monitoring throughout hospitalization.

Background/Aim: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) rarely affects the paediatric population and has an incidence of 0.06-0.12/100,000 children per year. The dire clinical course of paediatric CML is further exacerbated by the adverse effects of long-term imatinib therapy. Patients and Methods: Our cohort comprised 14 CML patients who were treated with imatinib between July 2010 and September 2018. The European Leukaemia Net (ELN) standard milestones of response criteria were used to evaluate its therapeutic effectiveness. Results: Complete haematological remission and partial cytogenetic response were achieved in all patients. Complete cytogenetic response was achieved in seven patients. Major molecular response was achieved in six patients. Two patients underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to unsatisfactory response to imatinib. Conclusion: Imatinib is effective in treating paediatric CML and limits the progression to advanced stages, however, the quality of life still needs to be optimised. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) rarely affects the paediatric population and has an estimated incidence of 0.06-0.12 per 100,000 children per year (1). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy improves the overall and event-free survival (EFS) rates in paediatric CML (2). Imatinib, a firstgeneration TKI, is proposed as the first-line therapy for improved effectiveness (3). CML presents, within paediatric patients, with a clinically more aggressive course compared to that of adults, and is further exacerbated by several longterm side effects of imatinib (4). A potential resistance to the drug due to mutations in the BCR-ABL1 gene may significantly limit its effectiveness, rendering the evaluation of severity and management of the disease exceedingly challenging (5). Knowledge on the definite efficacy and safety of imatinib treatment within the paediatric population is scarce. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to assess the safety of long-term administration in terms of adverse effects from the use of imatinib in paediatric CML patients, as well as to estimate the probability of progression to advanced stages of the disease. Patients and Methods Patients. Our cohort included 14 patients (males, n=12; females, n=2) who were diagnosed with BCR-ABL1 positive CML and were treated with imatinib between

BACKGROUND: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (P-PROM) exerts a tremendous influence on pregnancy prognosis. Additionally, it is a major public health concern, as the cause of up to 40% of all preterm births. AIM: The objective of this study was to identify predictors of Caesarean Delivery in singleton pregnancies complicated by P-PROM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of all consecutive singleton P-PROM deliveries (24-37 weeks) over an 18 months at a tertiary referral centre. Pertinent data was collected comprising demographics, obstetric history, pregnancy-associated pathology and delivery from electronic patient records.  Univariate statistical analysis comprised Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence interval and Chi-square test with subsequent p-value with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 240 women delivered singletons following P-PROM over an 18-month period. Maternal age ranged between 12-41 years with an average age of 28 ± 6.27 years. Vaginal delivery (VD) was the predominant mode of delivery, accounting for 52.9% (n = 127) of deliveries. The following parameters were identified as predictors of Caesarean Section (CS) in P-PROM: vaginal infection (p = 0.04), previous CS (p < 0.0001), primiparity (p = 0.004), gravidity > 5 (p = 0.009), university education (p = 0.0006) and prenatal care (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The advantage of CS over vaginal delivery is expedited delivery of the distressed fetus, while that of vaginal delivery entails avoiding postoperative morbidity. However, large multicentric randomised-controlled studies are needed to elucidate this dilemma definitively.