Within the limitations of our study (number of animals, duration in time, and limited data on the anabolic activity), our preliminary results suggest that Piezocision-facilitated orthodontic tooth movement increases the rate of movement of the teeth undergoing orthodontic treatment through the coupled remodelling of the alveolar bone. This process is initiated by the osteoclastic activity following surgery and extended via the synergistic relationship between Piezocision and tooth movement.

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Objectives Paid caregivers (e.g., home health aides) often work with family caregivers to support persons living with dementia at home. We identify 1) unique trajectories of paid and family caregiving support among persons living with dementia with high care needs and 2) factors associated with these trajectories. Methods We used group-based multiple trajectory modelling to identify distinct trajectories of paid and family caregiving hours among National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) respondents with dementia who died or moved to a nursing home (n=334, mean follow-up 5.5 years). We examined differences between trajectory groups and identified factors associated with group membership using generalized estimating equation modelling. Results A three group model best fit our data: 1) “low/stable care” (61.3% of respondents) with stable, low/no paid care and moderate family care, 2) “increasing paid care” with increasing, moderate paid and family care, and 3) “high family care” with increasing, high family care and stable, low paid care. While both the “increasing paid care” and “high family care” groups were more functionally impaired than the “low/stable care” group, the “high family care” group was also more likely to be non-white and experience multiple medical comorbidities, depression, and social isolation. Discussion Study findings highlight the importance of considering unique arrangements in dementia care. Receipt of paid care was not only determined by patient care needs. Creating equitable access to paid care may be a particularly important way to support both persons living with dementia and their family caregivers as care needs grow.

Background Assessing activity limitations is central to aging research. However, assessments of activity limitations vary, and this may have implications for the populations identified. We aim to compare measures of activities of daily living (ADLs) and their resulting prevalence and mortality across three nationally‐representative cohort studies: the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS), and the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Methods We compared the phrasing and context of questions around help and difficulty with six self‐care activities: eating, bathing, toileting, dressing, walking inside, and transferring. We then compared the prevalence and 1‐year mortality for difficulty and help with eating and dressing. Results NHATS, HRS, and MCBS varied widely in phrasing and framing of questions around activity limitations, impacting the proportion of the population found to experience difficulty or receive help. For example, in NHATS 12.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5%–13.4%] of the cohort received help with dressing, while in HRS this figure was 6.4% [95% CI 5.7%–7.2%] and MCBS 5.3% [95% CI 4.7%–5.8%]. When combined with variation in sampling frame and survey approach of each survey, such differences resulted in large variation in estimates of the older population of older adults with ADL disability. Conclusions In order to take late‐life activity limitations seriously, we must clearly define the measures we use. Further, researchers and clinicians seeking to understand the experience of older adults with activity limitations should be careful to interpret findings in light of the framing of the question asked.