Several chromosomes derived from natural populations have been identified that affect the expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) . Second chromosomes, which also carry the structural gene Adh, show a great deal of polymorphism of genetic elements that determine how much enzyme protein accumulates. The level of enzyme was measured in third instar larvae, 6-to-8-day-old males and in larval fat bodies and alimentary canals. In general, activities in the different organs and stages are highly correlated with one another. One line was found, however, in which the ADH level in the fat body is more than twice the level one would expect on the basis of the activity in alimentary canal. We have also found evidence of third-chromosome elements that affect the level of ADH.

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To study the in vivo response of conchal (turbinate) osteoclasts to Pasteurella multocida toxin, four gnotobiotic pigs (7 days of age) were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.2 microgram/kg of purified toxin. One toxin-treated pig along with one control pig were necropsied at 2, 5, 9, and 14 days postinoculation. The entire length of nasal concha from the nasal planum toi ethmoid region was removed, blocked by transverse cuts into five areas, decalcified, sectioned, and then stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) to identify osteoclasts. In each section, total area of concha, total osteoclast cytoplasmic area, and number of osteoclasts were determined using an image analysis morphometric unit. Also collected from pigs were blood and serum for complete blood counts, electrolyte levels, liver enzymes, and TRAP levels. Conchal atrophy increased in severity with time after 2 days postinoculation. In general, the ventral conchae from toxin-treated pigs at 9 and 14 days postinoculation had decreased surface area, osteoclast cytoplasmic area, and numbers of osteoclasts. Serum levels of TRAP were mildly elevated when compared with age-matched controls. No other significant alterations in blood cells or chemistries occurred and no lesions were present histologically in tissues (liver, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen) other than concha. This study shows that the P. multocida toxin induces rapid bone resorption and increases serum levels of acid phosphatase but leads to diminished acid phosphatase expression and presumably, numbers of osteoclasts.