Morphological and cytological evaluation of pepper accessions is important for breeding and improvement programme on the crop. The lack of understanding on the genetic variation of pepper accessions has led to little progress in breeding and improvement of the crop. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize some available pepper accessions based on morphological, agronomic and cytological characters and their suitability for subsequent use in breeding programme. The field experiment was conducted at GidanMangoro, Bosso Local Government Area,Minna, Niger State, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cytological investigation was carried out at the laboratory of the Department of Crop Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State. Data were collected on plant height, leaf length, leaf width, days to first flowering, days to 50 % flowering, fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruits, average fruit weight average seed weight and plant growthhabit. From Analysis of Variance, genotypic variance (GV), phenotypic variance (PV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV),heritability and genetic advance were estimated. There were significant differences in the accessions studied. Analysis of variance for genetic diversity revealed that plant height, leaf width and all yield components studied contributed to genetic diversity. The highest heritability value was observed in average fruit weight per plant (98 %). Accessions DKD-RD and DG-SB performed best as characterized by early days to first flowering, number of fruits per plant, number of branches and fruit girth. The variance of component of variation result revealed that PCV values were greater than those of GVC. Also, genetic advance (GA) was higher than heritability. The cytological study showed that at meiosis, two daughter cells divides and formed four daughter cells thereby contributing to genetic variation. Based on the findings of this research work, it is recommended that breeders should collect germplasm from DKD-RD, DG-SB, DSKT-RD and DADAM for further breeding and improvement programme of the crop.
Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (BlCMV) is a major virus, infecting legumes with attendant huge losses. Cultivation of resistant varieties is the most effective and sustainable control strategy. Therefore, some groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars were evaluated against BlCMV in Minna, Southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria.
Field experiment for this research was conducted at Gidan Mangoro village, Bosso local government area of Niger State to evaluate some indigenous pepper accessions such
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is a major legume crop with diverse uses in Nigeria. Its productivity is however threatened by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in most groundnut producing areas, resulting in huge losses. This study was conducted to determine the resistance of some commercial groundnut cultivars under CABMV disease. The experiment was conducted in Minna, Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. Twenty groundnut cultivars were evaluated separately as healthy and CABMV infected trials. The experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design with three replications. Seedlings were infected with the virus by mechanical inoculation at 10 days after sowing. The plants were observed for disease incidence, growth and yield attributes. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, principal component and cluster analyses at p≤0.05. One hundred percent infection was found regardless of the cultivar. The healthy plants exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher morphological and yield parameters than infected plants. Principal component analysis revealed that 100-seed weight accounted for the greatest variability in healthy (eigen vector = 0.6239) and CABMV infected (eigen vector = 0.6005) plants. Cluster analysis showed that 18 (90 %) cultivars formed cluster 1, whereas one cultivar each was found in cluster 2 and 3. The top three cultivars for 100-seed weight: "SAMNUT 23" (56.0 g), "SAMNUT 25" (50.5 g) and "SAMNUT 26" (50.9 g) were the most tolerant to CABMV, whereas "ICG-92267" was identified as the best cultivar for dry matter production (24.0 g/plant). Planting of these tolerant cultivars is recommended in order to mitigate the stresses imposed by CABMV.
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