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Ticks and mites are bloodsucking ectoparasites containing anticoagulants as well as many other bioactive compounds. Because of their extremely small size, collection of venom (saliva) is very difficult. Therefore, the scientific study of tick and mite venoms is far less well developed than that of other venoms such as snake, scorpion, and bee. In this review article, anticoagulant components, paralytic toxins, and the effect of venom on the immune system are reviewed. Anticoagulants are discussed in three parts, namely inhibition of thrombin, inhibition of factor X activation, and effect on other blood coagulation factors. Among the venom (saliva) components, lipids, enzymes, and other bioactive components are discussed. Paralysis is discussed without further subdivision. Immunological considerations are reviewed in two ways: their effect on host immune system, and efforts to develop vaccines and toxoids. All together 142 references were quoted.

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