Research objective. To stratify the main purulent-inflammatory diseases of maxilla-facial region (PID MFR) by frequencies and limits. To assess mortality in PID MFR. To determine the number of patients with PID MFR and concomitant diabetes mellitus.Resources and Methods. Medical documentation on 9550 patients with PID MFR hospitalized at F.I. Inozemtsev Municipal Clinical Hospital have been analyzed.Research results. The prevalence of purulent-inflammatory diseases remains at a fairly high level. PID MFR occur more often in people of young, able-bodied, age, 18–44 years. The introduction of quarantine measures due to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 led to an increase in severe forms of PID MFR. There is a decrease in lethality from PID MFR.

Ultrasound is able to have a multifaceted therapeutic effect in periodontitis. In therapeutic doses, it affects a variety of local tissue reactions, stimulates compensatory, restorative, protective and adaptive mechanisms.Ultrasound in dosages used in clinical practice does not have an independent, direct antibacterial effect. In this regard, in the treatment of periodontitis, where the microbial factor plays an important role, it is advisable to use antiseptic solutions as a contact medium for ultrasonic effects. The study of the comparative effectiveness of low-frequency and high-frequency ultrasonic effects in combination with the domestic antiseptic preparation miramistin, which, with high antibacterial effectiveness, is characterized by the absence of adverse side effects, in the treatment of periodontitis, is of significant scientific and practical importance.

The study is devoted to identifying the frequency of detection of galvanic couple of metal structures in various of the oral mucosal diseases. A high difference in the electrochemical potentials of metal structures in the mouth, exceeding 50 mV, was observed in 33% of patients with glossalgia, while in precancerous diseases, such as erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus, verrucous form of leukoplakia, limited hyperkeratosis of the mucous membrane, galvanic couple with a high difference in electrochemical potentials were found in 78–87% of cases. Due to the high frequency of detection of metal structures with a high difference of electrochemical potentials in patients with oral mucosal diseases, the study to detect galvanic couples of metal structures should be introduced in the list of mandatory measures in the examination.

The paper describes two clinical cases of treatment of patients with noma. This disease is extremely rare in the Russian Federation, and therefore its diagnosis causes difficulties, and incorrect routing of patients, due to diagnostic mistakes, leads to an increase in the time before the start of specialized care. Rapid progression of wet gangrene, in the absence of timely diagnosis and qualified treatment, leads to extensive defects of the maxillofacial region, severe intoxication, sepsis. In the first case, after surgical treatment of noma, the patient developed an extensive tissue defect of the left half of the face, which in the future will require reconstructive surgical treatment. In the second case, after surgical treatment, the patient had an extensive tissue defect in the middle zone of the face, and systemic disorders against the background of intoxication led to the death of the patient on the 7th day after hospitalization. Both clinical cases confirm the role of immunosuppression in the etiology of noma.

The search for and the application of available noninvasive methods for early diagnosis of oral mucosa (OM) neoplasia is a clinically significant problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the original score-based algorithm for assessing clinical data generated by a conventional and an autofluorescencebased examination in diagnosing OM cancer and assessing indications for a biopsy. We analyzed 134 medical histories and pathology reports of patients with oral neoplasia. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: the control group included 63 patients who underwent a standard visual and tactile examination with history taking and then were referred for an incisional biopsy followed by a histopathological examination of the specimens. In the main group consisting of 71 patients, a standard visual and tactile examination was complemented by an autofluorescence-based examination and the original score-based algorithm with the original index of required histopathological verification (RHV) were used to assess indications for a biopsy. In both groups, the most commonly affected site was the tongue (72.4%). The histopathological examination revealed that 28 patients from the main group and 14 patients from the control group had OM cancer (р = 0.051). Histologically, early-stage cancer was diagnosed in 17 patients from the main group and in 4 patients from the control group (р = 0.004). The proposed algorithm allowed us to effectively (in 90% of cases) diagnose precancer and cancer and avoid unnecessary biopsies.