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When compiling diets for productive animals, one of the indicators taken into account is the cationanion balance, which is calculated based on the content of sodium and potassium cations and sulfate and chloride anions. The cationic-anionic composition of feed is very diverse. The lack or excess of one or another cation or anion in feed can lead to disruption of metabolic processes and various diseases of non-infectious etiology.The aim of the work was to quantify and analyze the cationanion composition of feed for productive animals by capillary electrophoresis.The research was carried out in the conditions of the educational and research center for the examination of food and animal feed of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. 76 samples of various feeds for productive animals were used as research materials: 19 samples of grass flour, cake, mixed feeds for cattle.The study of the cationic composition of the studied feed samples was carried out, guided by the methodology M 04-65-2010 «Feed, compound feed and raw materials for their production. The method of measuring the mass fraction of ammonium, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium cations by capillary electrophoresis using the capillary electrophoresis system «Kapel», and anionic composition – according to the method M 04 -73-2011 «Feed, compound feed and raw materials for their production. The method of measuring the mass fraction of water-soluble forms of chloride, sulfate, nitrate and phosphate ions by capillary electrophoresis using the capillary electrophoresis system «Kapel» (GC «LUMEX»).Thus, analyzing the results obtained, it was found that in all samples of feed for productive animals, the mass fraction of cations and anions varied depending on the type of cation or anion and feed.Determination of the cationic-anionic composition of feed is a necessary condition for the formation of a full-fledged diet that provides the body of productive animals with nutrients, which is especially important in modern conditions of intensification of animal husbandry and agricultural development.

Biological additives, biocоrrectors, mycotoxin eliminators favorably affect the quality and safety of the products obtained, as evidenced by a large number of studies, and also affect the immune status, therefore, the purpose of our study was to conduct an organoleptic evaluation of rainbow trout samples and find out whether the use of a humic acid-based drug affects such organoleptic parameters like appearance, color, consistency and smell. Feed additives have a beneficial effect on the quality and safety of the products obtained and affect the immune status. The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of the use of the drug "SmartBiotic", produced on the basis of humic acids, on the organoleptic characteristics of the products obtained.Three groups of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were formed to conduct the study. One group served as a control, and the other two were experimental. The first experimental group of fingerlings received the drug at a concentration of 0.15%, and the second experimental group – at a dose of 0.25%. In the control group of rainbow trout, the drug "SmartBiotic" was not used. The determination of organoleptic parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Examination of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine according to generally accepted methods and in accordance with the requirements of RNS 814-2019 "Chilled fish. Technical conditions", with the help of which it is also possible to identify the increasingly common falsification of products.To conduct the study, samples were selected from the formed three groups of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for organoleptic analysis.

No abstract

Currently, one of the main indicators characterizing the safety of feed for productive animals is the content of toxic elements in them. According to the requirements of MDU No. 123-4 / 281-8-87 "Temporary maximum allowable level (MRL) of the content of certain chemical elements and gossypol in feed for farm animals and feed additives", mercury, cadmium, lead are of the highest veterinary, sanitary and toxicological significance, arsenic, selenium. The danger of these substances lies in the ability to accumulate in the body of an animal and cause various pathologies, affecting the urinary, hematopoietic, digestive and nervous systems, generally retard the growth and development of farm animals, reduce resistance, productivity and increase the risk of detecting toxicants in agricultural products of animal origin.The purpose of the study was to assess the safety of plant foods for the content of mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead and cadmium using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The study materials were 76 samples of various plant foods for productive animals: grass meal, linseed cake, oats, vegetable feed. The amount of toxic elements was determined according to GOST R 55447-2013 and GOST 31651-2012 using an MGA-1000 atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman correction of non-selective absorption (LUMEX Group of Companies).As a result of the studies, it was found that in all samples of plant-derived feed for productive animals, the amount of toxic elements did not exceed the maximum allowable level. Thus, the amount of mercury in the studied samples averaged 0.55±0.04 mg/kg, cadmium - 0.86±0.04 mg/kg, lead -0.29±0.01 mg/kg, arsenic - 0 .24±0.01 mg/kg, selenium – 0.44±0.02 mg/kg. The established concentrations of toxic elements did not exceed 1.0 mg/kg and were less than 1.5% of the maximum allowable level, which meets the requirements for the toxicological safety of feed for productive animals.