Potential application of calcium scaffolds in combination with either bone marrow or adherent cell layers from long-term cultures containing mesenchymal stem cell for the induction of bone tissue growth was studied in mice. Two scaffolds, i.e. Osteoset® and Prodens® were tested on the model of ectopic grafting under the skin and renal capsule of mice. It was demonstrated that Prodens® and less effectively Osteoset® could be used for the induction of bone growth in combination with bone marrow cells but even more effectively in combination with cultivated mesenchymal stromal cells. Both the site of transplantation and preliminary induction of bone differentiation of stromal cells exerted a great influence upon the process of bone formation.

Study of the efficacy of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) with bioresorbable calcium carriers for the restoration of bone tissue in the site of critical distal femur spongy bone defect was performed in rabbits. System of rabbit's MMSC cultivation has been elaborated. After 2 - 3 passages MMSC were placed on bioresorbable calcium carriers and implanted into the site of preliminary created defect with 6 cm diameter. It was shown that implantation of MMSC in combination with bioresorbable carriers into the defect resulted in filling of spongy bone defect within 6 months after operation. The data obtained open promising perspectives for the application of MMSC in combination with appropriate carriers in tissue engineering for the treatment of vast skeleton injuries.