Infections in critical care unit are high, and of serious hospital problems. Infections acquired during the hospital stay are generally called nosocomial infections, initially known as infections arising after 48 h of hospital admission.[1,2] National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system defines a nosocomial infection as a localized or systemic condition that results from adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent (s) or its toxin (s) that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to the hospital.[1]
Background & objectives: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglycerides is common in the general population in India. As nevirapine (NVP)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) tends to increase HDL-C, gene polymorphisms associated with HDL-C metabolism in HIV-infected adults on stable NVP-based ART were studied. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2013 and July 2014 among adults receiving NVP-based ART for 12-15 months. Blood lipids were estimated and gene polymorphisms in apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Framingham's 10-yr CVD risk score was estimated. Logistic regression was done to show factors related to low HDL-C levels. Results: Of the 300 patients included (mean age: 38.6±8.7 yr; mean CD4 count 449±210 cell/μl), total cholesterol (TC) >200 mg/dl was observed in 116 (39%) patients. Thirty nine per cent males and 47 per cent females had HDL-C levels below normal while 32 per cent males and 37 per cent females had TC/HDL ratio of 4.5 and 4.0, respectively. Body mass index [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.84, P=0.04] and viral load (aOR=3.39, 95% CI: 1.52-7.52, P=0.003) were negatively associated with serum HDL-C levels. The 10-yr risk score of developing CVD was 11-20 per cent in 3 per cent patients. Allelic variants of APOC3 showed a trend towards low HDL-C. Interpretation & conclusions: High-risk lipid profiles for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease were common among HIV-infected individuals, even after 12 months of NVP-based ART. Targeted interventions to address these factors should be recommended in the national ART programmes.
OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of Distal Sensory neuropathy in asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGYPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending outpatient Department of Government Vellore Medical College Hospital without symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were included in this study. The presence of diabetic neuropathy was diagnosed using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) Score. RESULTSA total of 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied of which 216 (54%) were males and 184 (46%) were females. Mean age of males was significantly higher than females (51±9.1 years vs. 44±7.6 years, p<0.05). The mean BMI of females was significantly higher for females than males (28.4±4.2 vs. 25.3±2.9, p<0.05). In our study, 72 patients (18%) had asymptomatic peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONPeripheral neuropathy is common in asymptomatic diabetic patients. All patients with diabetes mellitus needs active screening for peripheral neuropathy to reduce the morbidity associated with it.
BACKGROUNDTo determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in adult population attending medicine outpatient clinic at Government Vellore Medical College, Vellore and correlate with risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODSAdult population aged more than 30 years attending outpatient clinic at medicine department were randomly assessed for presence of impaired fasting glucose according to ADA criteria 2016 and related for presence of risk factors like age, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. RESULTSTotally, 985 subjects were studied. This included 496 (50.3%) males and 489 (49.6%) females. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in the Vellore population attending medicine OPD was found to be 15%. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among male subjects were found to be 17% and among female subjects were 13%. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was higher among both the male and female subjects with higher waist-hip ratio and BMI >25. Only female subjects with increased waist circumference had increased prevalence of impaired fasting glucose and not male subjects. CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in Vellore population is high (15%) and is an under-diagnosed condition. The traditional risk factors like body mass index, waist-hip ratio are good predictors for development of diabetes mellitus in the Vellore district. But waist circumference can only predict among female population.
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