Настоящая статья посвящена экспериментальному определению закономерности для оценки затрат энергии, требующейся для измельчения отходов окорки сосны в зависимости от степени измельчения и их относительной влажности. При проведении исследований использованы методы планирования эксперимента и обработки опытных данных, методы математического анализа. Рассмотрены три приближённых закона измельчения, представленных в технической литературе, структура которых легла в основу плана эксперимента второго порядка. В опытах использовали три группы относительной влажности экспериментального материала: отходы непосредственно после окорки на роторном станке (влажность около 70%), подсушенные на воздухе (влажность около 40%) и высушенные в сушильной камере (влажность около 10%). Предварительная сепарация материала проводилась на установке АЛГМ-3. Отбирали отходы таким образом, чтобы средняя крупность кусков до измельчения составляла приблизительно 70, 50 и 30 мм. Отобранные пробы измельчали в промышленном измельчителе Erdwich M600/1-400. Во время работы измельчителя фиксировались данные о потребляемой силе тока; работу, совершенную во время измельчения материала, рассчитывали по зафиксированным данным о потребляемой силе тока при известном напряжении в сети. После измельчения определялась средняя крупность обработанной пробы, далее рассчитывалась степень измельчения. По результатам обработки экспериментальных данных по измельчению отходов окорки установлено, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки сосны связана с относительной влажностью отходов окорки и степенью их измельчения зависимостью, повторяющей структуру закона измельчения Кирпичева-Кика. Показано, что относительная влажность измельчаемой коры, оптимальная по соотношению теплоты сгорания сухого вещества, содержащегося в продукте измельчения коры сосны («энергетическая стоимость»), и энергии, затраченной на ее измельчение («энергетическая себестоимость»), составляет 27%. Показано, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки сосны при оптимальной влажности пропорциональна натуральному логарифму степени измельчения. При оптимальной влажности для измельчения отходов окорки сосны в 5–15 раз потребуется затратить энергию, составляющую 7–14% теплоты сгорания. В заключение отмечена перспективность дальнейших экспериментальных исследований с целью детального анализа энергоемкости дробления отходов окорки других пород древесины. This article devoteы to experimental determination of patterns to assess the energy consumption required for pine debarking waste shredding, depending on the shredding ratio and the humidity. The research uses methods of experiment planning and processing of experimental data, methods of mathematical analysis. We consider three approximate shredding law patterns presented in technical literature, the structure of which forms the basis of the second order experimental design. The experiments tested three experimental groups of the material relative humidity: waste immediately after rotary machine debarking (relative humidity about 70%), dried in air (relative humidity about 40%) and dried in an oven (relative humidity about 10%). Pre-separation of the material was carried out on the ALGM-3-set in order to collect the waste into three groups by average particle size of the pieces before shredding (approximately 70, 50 and 30 mm). After the pre-separation, the samples were ground in an industrial shredder Erdwich M600/1-400. During the operation, the shredder’s chopper recorded data on the consumption of the current strength, the work done during the shredding was calculated from the recorded data on the consumption of amperage at a certain voltage in the network. After the shredding, the average particle size was determined by the treated samples, and then calculated the shredding ratio. According to the results of experimental data on debarking waste shredding processing, the paper establishes that the specific energy consumption of pine debarking waste shredding associates with the relative humidity of the waste and the shredding ratio in a mathematical model, which follows the structure of Kirpichev-Kik law. The experimental data processing shows that the caloric value of dry matter contained in the shredding product, and the energy expended in its shredding, link each other as a nonlinear function of the bark humidity with optimal humidity of 27%. The results also show that the specific energy consumption of pine debarking waste shredding of at the optimum humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the shredding ratio. At optimal humidity for shredding pine debarking waste in 5–15 times it is needed to expend energy, which is 7–14% of the waste calorific value. In conclusion, the paper prospects that further experimental studies should be focused on detailed analysis of energy consumption of other wood species waste debarking shredding.
The subject of the proposed study is aimed at studying the process of grinding barking waste. The main tasks of experimental research are to establish general patterns linking the energy intensity of grinding of debarking waste with the degree of grinding and to estimate the energy intensity of the grinding operation of barking waste in prepara-tion for utilization. The article presents the results of experiments on crushing waste from spruce and pine, performed with the Erdwich M600 / 1-400 industrial choppers. For each of the two species, 9 groups of experimental material have been examined at different humidity and degree of grinding. It is shown that the specific energy intensity of grinding waste from spruce and pine barking is associated with the relative humidity of the barking waste and the degree of their grinding by a nonlinear dependence repeating the structure of the Kirpichev-Kick grinding law; corresponding mathematical models are got. It has been established that the ratio of heat combustion of the dry matter contained in the bark crushing product ("energy cost") and the energy expended for its crushing ("energy prime cost") depends on the relative humidity of the bark, and the dependence has a minimum point. The optimum moisture content of the waste products from the spruce, subject to grinding, is 25%, pine - 27%. It is established that the specific energy intensity of grinding waste from debarking spruce and pine with the optimum humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the degree of grinding. With optimum humidity for grinding waste, debarking sprues in 5-15 times requires energy consumption of 5-10% of the calorific value. At optimum humidity for pine waste grinding in 5-15 times, energy making 7-14% of a heat of combustion is required
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