In this paper it is shown that Tolman's law can be derived from relativistic kinetic theory applied to a simple fluid in a BGK-like approximation. Using this framework, it becomes clear that the contribution of the gravitational field can be viewed as a cross effect that resembles the so-called Thomson effect in irreversible thermodynamics. A proper generalization of Tolman's law in an inhomogeneous medium is formally established based on these grounds.

This article proposes two conformal Solow models (with and without migration), accompanied by simulations for six Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies. The models are proposed by employing suitable Inada conditions on the Cobb–Douglas function and making use of the truncated M-derivative for the Mittag–Leffler function. In the exact solutions derived in this manuscript, two new parameters play an important role in the convergence towards, or the divergence from, the steady state of capital and per capita product. The economical dynamics of these nations are influenced by the intensity of the capital and labor factors, as well as the level of depreciation, the labor force rate and the level of saving.

It is well known that, in the absence of external forces, simple non-relativistic uids involve entropy production only through heat conduction and shear viscosity [1]. In this work, it is shown that a number density gradient contributes to the local entropy production of a simple relativistic uid using special relativistic kinetic theory. Also, the presence of an external eld may cause strictly relativistic contributions to the entropy production, a fact not widely recognized. The implications of these e ects are thoroughly discussed.

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Transport properties in gases are significantly affected by temperature. In previous works it has been shown that when the thermal agitation in a gas is high enough, such that relativistic effects become relevant, heat dissipation is driven not solely by a temperature gradient but also by other vector forces