The influence of yttrium oxide on the bioactivity of glasses in the system SiO(2)-Na(2)O-P(2)O(5)-CaO-B(2)O(3)-K(2)O-MgO was studied in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Two series of glasses with different bioactivity were investigated. The reaction layers formed on the surface of the exposed glasses were evaluated by means of back scattered electron imaging of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (BEI-SEM/EDXA). The concentration of Y, Ca and P released from the glasses into SBF, during 21 days was determined using inductively coupled plasma-emission spectroscopy ICP-AES and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy ICP-MS. Introducing yttrium in the selected bioactive glass tended to diminish the bioactivity of the glasses. The thickness of the calcium phosphate layer decreased with increasing yttrium oxide content. The same effect was also observed when yttrium oxide partially replaced only calcium, magnesium and phosphorous oxide in the precursor glass. The data show that we can produce bioactive glasses with yttrium oxide as a component. By suitable tailoring of the rest of the glasses the yttrium effect on the glass behavior in SBF should be possible to control and thus produce yttrium containing glasses with desired bioactivity.

The study aims at the manufacture and investigation of biodegradable glass microspheres incorporated with yttrium potentially useful for radionuclide therapy of cancer. The glass microspheres in the SiO2-Na2O-P2O5-CaO-K2O-MgO system containing yttrium were prepared by conventional melting and flame spheroidization. The behaviour of the yttrium silicate glass microspheres was investigated under in vitro conditions using simulated body fluid (SBF) and Tris buffer solution (TBS), for different periods of time, according to half-life time of the Y-90. The local structure of the glasses and the effect of yttrium on the biodegradability process were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Back Scattered Electron Imaging of Scanning Electron Microscopy (BEI-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. UV-VIS spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for analyzing the release behaviour of silica and yttrium in the two used solutions. The results indicate that the addition of yttrium to a bioactive glass increases its structural stability which therefore, induced a different behaviour of the glasses in simulated body environments.

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Amorphous, sol-gel derived SiO(2) are known to biocompatible and bioresorbable materials. Biodegradable and inert materials containing radioactive isotopes have potential application as delivery vehicles of the beta radiation to the cancer tumors inside the body. Incorporation of holmium in the sol-gel derived SiO(2) could lead to the formation of a biodegradable material which could be used as carrier biomaterial for the radiation of radioactive holmium to the various cancer sites. The homogeneity of the prepared sol-gel silica holmium monoliths was investigated by Back Scattered Electron Imaging of Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, X-ray Induced Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. The biodegradation of the monoliths was investigated in Simulated Body Fluid and TRIS (Trizma pre-set Crystals) solution. The results show that by suitable tailoring of the sol-gel processing parameters holmium can be homogeneously incorporated in the silica matrix with a controlled biodegradation rate.